Table 1.

Results of the bacterial reverse mutation test for Dioscorea Rhizome water extract in Salmonella typhimurium (TA100, TA1535, TA98, and TA1537) and Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA) with or without metabolic activation (S9 mixture)

Tester Strain	Substance	Dose (μg/plate)	Colonies/plate [Factor]a
			With S9 mixture		Without S9 mixture
TA100	DRWE	0	117 ± 6		118 ± 4
		50	109 ± 13	[0.9]	110 ± 12	[0.9]
		150	109 ± 10	[0.9]	106 ± 5	[0.9]
		500	113 ± 9	[1.0]	112 ± 9	[0.9]
		1500	120 ± 9	[1.0]	111 ± 12	[0.9]
		5000	144 ± 5	[1.2]	113 ± 6	[1.0]
TA1535	DRWE	0	12 ± 1		13 ± 2
		50	11 ± 3	[0.9]	13 ± 3	[1.0]
		150	11 ± 2	[1.0]	13 ± 3	[1.0]
		500	11 ± 3	[0.9]	12 ± 3	[0.9]
		1500	10 ± 2	[0.8]	14 ± 2	[1.1]
		5000	12 ± 2	[1.1]	12 ± 0	[0.9]
TA98	DRWE	0	23 ± 3		23 ± 3
		50	25 ± 3	[1.1]	22 ± 7	[1.0]
		150	25 ± 1	[1.1]	21 ± 4	[0.9]
		500	29 ± 2	[1.2]	21 ± 4	[0.9]
		1500	29 ± 4	[1.2]	18 ± 2	[0.8]
		5000	29 ± 7	[1.2]	20 ± 4	[0.9]
TA1537	DRWE	0	14 ± 3		13 ± 2
		50	17 ± 2	[1.2]	16 ± 2	[1.2]
		150	15 ± 3	[1.1]	14 ± 2	[1.1]
		500	12 ± 2	[0.9]	15 ± 4	[1.1]
		1500	15 ± 4	[1.1]	14 ± 3	[1.1]
		5000	17 ± 4	[1.2]	15 ± 3	[1.2]
WP2uvrA	DRWE	0	22 ± 4		20 ± 3
		50	20 ± 6	[0.9]	23 ± 4	[1.2]
		150	25 ± 4	[1.1]	22 ± 4	[1.1]
		500	19 ± 3	[0.8]	17 ± 0	[0.9]
		1500	23 ± 6	[1.0]	22 ± 6	[1.1]
		5000	21 ± 3	[0.9]	20 ± 3	[1.0]
Positive controls
TA100	2-AA	1.0	1677 ± 58	[14.4]
TA1535	2-AA	2.0	109 ± 9	[9.3]
TA98	B[a]P	1.0	210 ± 13	[9.0]
TA1537	2-AA	1.0	181 ± 10	[12.9]
WP2uvrA	2-AA	6.0	152 ± 6	[6.8]
TA100	SA	0.5			380 ± 9	[3.2]
TA1535	SA	0.5			249 ± 9	[18.7]
TA98	2-NF	2.0			259 ± 9	[11.4]
TA1537	ICR-191	0.5			86 ± 15	[6.5]
WP2uvrA	4NQO	0.5			108 ± 5	[5.5]

DRWE Dioscorea Rhizome water extract, 2-AA 2-aminoanthracene, SA sodium azide; B[a]P, benzo[a]pyrene; ICR-191, acridine mutagen ICR 191; 4NQO, 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide; and 2-NF, 2-nitrofluorene

Values are presented as the mean ± SD

^aNo. of colonies of treated plate/No. of colonies of negative control plate