Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Jul 1;11:13690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93086-y

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Increased intestinal permeability and the subsequent influx of PAMPs mediated by continuous alcohol administration to mice result in suppressed production of inflammatory cytokines from CD11b⁺ macrophages in the liver. (A) Study design. Control mice (n = 6) received a control liquid diet for 26 days. They were gavaged with isocaloric maltose dextrin twice per week for the last 6 weeks. Alcohol-treated mice (n = 6) received the control liquid diet for 5 days and the 5% ethanol liquid diet for 6 weeks. Withdrawal-group mice (n = 6) received the control liquid diet for 5 days and 5% ethanol liquid diet for 6 weeks, followed by feeding with the control liquid diet for 3 weeks as a withdrawal period. (B) Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. (C) Intestinal permeability evaluated by measuring the amount of fluorescence from dextran-FITC (Dx FITC) at 4 h after gavage. (D) Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. (E) Representative surface CD11b and intracellular TNF-α staining of liver mononuclear cells derived from the indicated mice, either unstimulated (upper) or stimulated with LPS for 4 h (lower). (F) Frequency of hepatic TNF-α producing CD11b⁺ macrophages from the indicated mice either unstimulated (upper) or stimulated with LPS for 4 h (lower). Data represent the mean ± SD. *p value < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA. N.S.: not significant. Data are representative from three independent experiments.