TABLE 2.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin hydrochloride in rat plasma after exposure to simulated high altitude hypoxia.
| Parameters | Normoxia | Acute hypoxia | Chronic hypoxia |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ke, 1/h | 0.35 ± 0.03 | 0.27 ± 0.02 b | 0.22 ± 0.01 b , c |
| t1/2, h | 1.98 ± 0.14 | 2.53 ± 0.14 b | 3.10 ± 0.11 b , c |
| MRT(0–12), h | 2.89 ± 0.14 | 3.60 ± 0.51 a | 4.44 ± 0.17 b , c |
| CL/F, L/kg/h | 2.47 ± 0.32 | 2.43 ± 0.66 | 2.01 ± 0.40 |
| Vd/F, L/kg | 7.08 ± 1.29 | 8.85 ± 2.31 | 8.97 ± 1.81 |
| AUC(0–12), h·μg/ml | 17.40 ± 2.14 | 18.49 ± 6.62 | 21.85 ± 4.77 |
| AUC(0-∞), h·μg/ml | 18.85 ± 2.18 | 20.38 ± 6.28 | 23.87 ± 5.30 |
| AUMC(0–12), h2·μg/ml | 50.16 ± 5.44 | 69.16 ± 34.14 | 97.09 ± 22.08 b |
| AUMC(0-∞), h2·μg/ml | 67.92 ± 6.24 | 99.16 ± 42.25 | 140.73 ± 28.69 b |
| Tmax, h | 1.62 ± 0.35 | 1.94 ± 0.56 | 2.01 ± 0.04 |
| Cmax, μg/ml | 5.44 ± 1.09 | 4.72 ± 1.58 | 4.05 ± 0.84 a |
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD values (n = 8).
a
p < 0.05,
b
p < 0.01 compared to the normoxia group.
c
p < 0.01 compared to the acute hypoxia group. ke, elimination rate constant; t1/2, half-life; CL/F, total plasma clearance; Vd/F, apparent volume of distribution; Cmax, the maximum plasma concentration; AUC, area under the concentration time curve; AUMC, AUC of the first moment; MRT, mean residence time.