TABLE 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.

	Sporadic PD cases (n = 22)	Healthy controls (n = 16)
Sex	15 (68.18%) males/7 (31.82%) females	9 (56.25%) males/7 (43.75%) females
Age (p = 0.0001)	Mean: 68.7 ± 3.51 years, SD 8.4	Mean: 50.5 ± 8.5 years, SD 17.4
BMI (p = 0.446)	Mean: 26.7 kg/m2 ± 1.77, SD 4.23 BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight): 8 (36.4%) BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (obese): 5 (22.7%)	Mean: 25.6 kg/m2 ± 2.21, SD 4.51 BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight): 6 (37.5%) BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (obese): 3 (18.75%)
Tobacco smoking	Never smokers: 19 (86.4%) Former smokers: 2 (9.1%) Current smokers: 1 (4.5%)	Never smokers: 13 (81.25%) Former smokers: 0 Current smokers: 3 (18.75%)
PD diagnostic (MDS criteria) and motor characteristics	Clinically established PD: 12 (55.5%) Clinically probable PD with criteria for Clinically established early PD: 10 (45.5%) Modified HY stage below 2.5: 8 (36.4%) Modified HY stage 2.5 and above: 14 (63.6%) Mean UPDRS part III: 21.5 ± 5.81, SD 13.9 No. with motor complications: 13 (59.1%)	NA (see exclusion criteria)