TABLE 2.
Calprotectin and zonulin levels.
| Sporadic PD cases (n = 22) | Healthy controls (n = 16) | Significance | |
| Serum calprotectin (reference: <3 mcg/ml) | 14.26 mcg/ml ± 4.50, SD 10.78 | 5.94 mcg/ml ± 3.80, SD 7.75 | p = 0.0125 |
| Serum calprotectin ≥3 mcg/ml | 19 (86.4%) | 6 (37.5%) | OR = 10.56, p = 0.0025, 95% CI = 2.17–51.42 |
| Fecal calprotectin (reference: <50 mcg/g) | 164.54 mcg/ml ± 54.19, SD 129.68 | 56.18 mcg/ml ± 35.88, SD 73.22 | p = 0.0048 |
| Fecal calprotectin ≥50 mcg/g | 20 (90.9%) | 4 (25%) | OR = 30, p = 0.000045, 95% CI = 4.75–189.30 |
| Fecal calprotectin ≥100 mcg/g | 12 (54.5%) | 1 (6.25%) | OR = 18, p = 0.002, 95% CI = 2.01–161.05 |
| Fecal calprotectin ≥200 mcg/g | 8 (36.4%) | 1 (6.25%) | OR = 8.57, p = 0.034, 95% CI = 0.95–77.57 |
| Fecal calprotectin ≥250 mcg/g | 4 (18.2%) | 1 (6.25%) | OR = 3.33, p = 0.2856, 95% CI = 0.34–33.11 |
| Serum zonulin (reference: 20–48 ng/ml) | 26.69 ng/ml ± 3.55, SD 8.51 | 19.43 ng/ml ± 2.56, SD 5.22 | p = 0.0046 |
| Serum zonulin <20 ng/ml | 4 (18.2%) | 10 (62.5%) | OR = 0.13, p = 0.0068, 95% CI = 0.03–0.59 |
| Fecal zonulin (reference: 15–107 ng/ml) | 100.19 ng/ml ± 28.25, SD 67.61 | 37.30 ng/ml ± 13.26, SD 27.07 | p = 0.0012 |
| Fecal zonulin >107 ng/ml | 8 (36.4%) | 0 | NA |