Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics at baseline.
| All patients (n = 105) | Patients who met the endpoint (n = 31) | Patients who did not meet the endpoint (n = 74) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (median [IQR]) | 54 [48–59.5] | 58 [48–63] | 54 [48–58] | 0.123 |
| Gender | 0.79 | |||
| Female | 21 (20) | 7 (22.6) | 14 (18.9) | – |
| Male | 84 (80) | 24 (77.4) | 60 (81.1) | – |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.4 ± 4.6 | 28.3 ± 4.1 | 28.4 ± 4.8 | 0.96 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Systolic | 106.5 ± 18.1 | 97.7 ± 14.3 | 110.2 ± 18.3 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic | 66.1 ± 12.5 | 60.5 ± 13.2 | 68.5 ± 11.5 | 0.002 |
| NYHA class | <0.0001 | |||
| NYHA II | 45 (42.9) | 3 (9.7) | 42 (56.8) | – |
| NYHA III | 55 (52.4) | 25 (80.6) | 30 (40.5) | – |
| NYHA IV | 5 (4.8) | 3 (9.7) | 2 (2.7) | – |
| Etiology of HF | 0.83 | |||
| DCM | 63 (60) | 18 (58.1) | 45 (60.8) | – |
| ICM | 42 (40) | 13 (41.9) | 29 (39.2) | – |
| Peripheral Edema | 16 (15.2) | 10 (32.3) | 6 (8.1) | 0.005 |
| HF known (months) (median [IQR]) | 48 [15–122.5] | 96 [36–144] | 31.5 [11.3–96] | 0.1 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/dl (median [IQR]) | 1,210 [435–3,696] | 5,900 [4,053–9,076] | 1,297 [589–3,544] | <0.0001 |
| Devices | ||||
| ICD | 43 (41) | 16 (51.6) | 27 (36.5) | 0.19 |
| CRT ± D | 40 (38.1) | 13 (41.9) | 27 (36.5) | 0.66 |
| Bundle branch block | ||||
| LBBB | 14 (13.3) | 6 (19.4) | 8 (10.8) | 0.34 |
| BBB caused by pacemaker | 36 (34.3) | 13 (41.9) | 23 (31.1) | 0.37 |
| Medication | ||||
| Beta-blocker | 98 (93.3) | 27 (87.1) | 71 (95.9) | 0.19 |
| ACE-I | 20 (19) | 4 (12.9) | 16 (21.6) | 0.42 |
| ARB | 13 (12.4) | 4 (12.9) | 8 (12.2) | 1.0 |
| ARNI | 71 (67.6) | 21 (67.7) | 50 (67.6) | 1.0 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 90 (85.7) | 25 (80.6) | 65 (87.8) | 0.37 |
| Loop diuretic | 90 (85.7) | 30 (96.8) | 60 (81.1) | 0.037 |
| Cardiopulmonary test | ||||
| VO2 peak, ml/min/kg | 11.9 ± 5.0 | 9.1 ± 2.6 | 13.2 ± 5.3 | <0.0001 |
| VE/VCO2 slope, l/l (median [IQR]) | 34 [29–41] | 41 [36–46.5] | 31 [28–37] | <0.0001 |
Values are given as a number (percent) or mean ± standard deviation except where otherwise indicated.
IQR, interquartile range; NYHA, New York Heart Association; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; ICM, heart failure caused by ischemic heart disease; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide, ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; CRT ± D, cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without defibrillator; LBBB, left bundle branch block; ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin-receptor neprilysin inhibitor; peak VO2, peak oxygen uptake; VE/VCO2, ventilation-carbon dioxide output relation.