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. 2021 Jun 17;11:611365. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.611365

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Copyright © 2021 Sharon, Duhen, Bambina, Baird, Leidner, Bell, Casap, Crittenden, Vasudevan, Jubran, Kravchenko-Balasha and Gough

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of immunotherapy treatment on cytokine and chemokine secretion from tumor explants. (A) Outline of treatment method using intact tumor explants treated ex-vivo with candidate immunotherapies. (B) Cytokine and chemokine secretion detected by multiplex assay was evaluated by principal component analysis to identify potential distinguishing features. Colors show explants from a specific tumor type. Shapes show different treatments. (C) The response of individual SCC-VII tumor explants to treatment with anti-PD1 or anti-OX40 showing secretion of i) IFNg, ii) IL-17A, iii) IL-4. Graphs show mean and SD expression across replicate explants from individual tumors. Key: NS, not significant. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.