FIGURE 8.

Schematic representation of the effect of aminosterols on isolated or stabilized oligomers of αS, Aβ₄₀ stabilized by Zn²⁺, and HypF-N. After oligomer isolation or stabilization, the addition of aminosterols (AM) to the reaction mixture can induce the non-physiological clustering of the aggregates at high concentrations (shown as gray species), and the physiologically relevant displacement of oligomers from cell membranes at low concentrations (toxic oligomers are shown as red species). For the latter scenario, trodusquemine exhibited comparable effects with squalamine at 3–10× lower concentrations of the molecule, signaling its enhanced efficacy at displacing protein misfolded oligomers from cell membranes.