Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the patients.

Characteristic	Total (n=65)	Responders (n=28)	Non–responders (n=37)	P value
Age, years	64 [59–70]	65 [60–70]	64 [59–70]	0.968
Male, n (%)	55 (85%)	25 (89%)	30 (81%)	0.495
BMI, kg/m2	25±3	25±3	24±3	0.203
DM, n (%)	15 (23%)	10 (36%)	5 (14%)	0.043
HTN, n (%)	39 (60%)	16 (57%)	23 (62%)	0.799
CKD, n (%)	2 (3%)	2 (7%)	0 (0)	0.182
LVEF, %	60±8	60±8	60±8	0.914
RVFAC, %	45±6	46±5	45±5	0.637
NT-proBNP, pg/mL	183 [77–480]	181 [69–480]	201 [77–621]	0.517
Lactate, mmol/L	0.7±0.3	0.8±0.2	0.7±0.3	0.748
Tidal volume, mL/kg	8.1±0.6	8.1±0.3	8.2±0.8	0.445
PEEP, cm H2O	5±0	5±0	5±0	1.000
Pplat, cm H2O	11±2	12±2	11±2	0.269
PaO2/FiO2, mmHg	472±98	481±104	466±95	0.548
PaCO2, mmHg	40±4	40±4	40±4	0.702
Patients receiving norepinephrine, n (%)	42 (65%)	19 (68%)	23 (62%)	0.561
Patients receiving dobutamine, n (%)	10 (15%)	4 (14%)	6 (16%)	0.532
Dose of norepinephrine (ìg·kg−1·min−1)	0.1 [0.2–0.4]	0.1 [0.2–0.3]	0.1 [0.3–0.5]	0.422
Dose of dobutamine (ìg·kg−1·min−1)	0.4 [0.3–0.8]	0.3 [0.3–0.9]	0.5 [0.2–0.7]	0.981
Preoperative β-blockers administration, n (%)	55 (85%)	23 (82%)	32 (86%)	0.734
EURO score	5 [0–9]	5 [1–8]	5 [0–9]	0.408

Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, median [25th–75th percentile] or number (percentage). BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RVFAC, right ventricular fractional area change; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; Pplat, airway pressure platform; PaO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen; FiO2, inspiratory fraction of oxygen; PaCO2, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; EURO score, European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation.