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. 2021 Jul;11(7):3306–3313. doi: 10.21037/qims-20-861

Table 3. Comparison of the radiographic values between automatic measurement and manual measurement in the whole cohort.

Parameters TK LL PI PT SVA TPA Cobb
Mean difference 3.9 –5.2 3.6 –0.2 –2.1 –1.1 2.1
Mean absolute error 5.3 6.8 5.0 1.6 4.5 2.1 2.7
SD absolute error 3.8 5.4 4.5 2.0 6.5 2.6 2.0
Coefficient of variation 19.0 15.2 11.2 13.2 25.4 21.0 18.7
Max absolute error 21.4 34.5 32.6 14.3 54.4 16.4 15.5
Percentage difference (%) 14.7 12.3 8.0 1.7 11.8 10.9 6.7

TK, thoracic kyphosis; LL, lumbar lordosis; SS, sacral slope; PT, pelvic tilt; PI, pelvic incidence; SVA, sagittal vertical axis; TPA, T1 pelvic angle.