TABLE 1.
Recent experiments on treating OA by interfering with integrin-mediated signaling pathways.
| Interventions | Interfered integrin-mediated signaling pathway | Results | References |
| Integrin-β-like 1 (Itgbl1) | Interact with integrins to down-regulate activity. | In patients with osteoarthritis (OA), the expression of Itgbl1 is greatly reduced. The ectopic expression of Itgbl1 can protect articular cartilage from the development of OA. | Song et al. (2018) |
| locus-1 (Del1) | Integrin αVβ3-ERK/AKT signaling pathway. | DEL1 protected chondrocytes from apoptosis induced by various activators through integrin αVβ3-mediated signal pathways. | Wang et al. (2018) |
| Mechanical exposure and diacerein treatment | Integrin-FAK/STAT3-MAPKs signaling pathway. | In OA chondrocytes a significant reduction in the expression of Piezo1 was detected following treatment with diacerein, even in the presence of mechanical stimulation. | Lohberger et al. (2019) |
| Collagen type II (COL2A1) | Promote the interactions between integrin β1 and SMAD1. | COL2A1 can inhibit BMP-SMAD1-mediated chondrocyte hypertrophy. | Lian et al. (2019) |
| Cilengitide | Inhibit integrin αVβ3/αVβ5-FAK-MAPK signaling pathway. | Cilengitide can suppress inflammation in chondrocytes under excessive mechanical stress by interfering integrin-mediated signaling pathway | Hirose et al. (2020) |
| Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles loaded by integrin β1 plasmid DNA | Enforce the expression of integrin β1. | SLNs-pDNA treatment can reduce the apoptosis of rat chondrocytes and enhance tissue repair, which can be used as a potential non-drug in the treatment of OA. | Zhao Z. et al. (2020) |
| Exogenic TGF-β1 and WISP1 protein | Interact with Integrin α5 or Integrin αv. | TGF-β1 and WISP1 interact to induce CHs dedifferentiation, which was mainly mediated by integrin αV. However, Integrin αV showed a protective effect. | Zhang et al. (2020) |
| Vitronectin (VTN) fragment | Interact with αVβ6 in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes. | VTN could prevent TGF-β1 activation by interacting with αVβ6 in human FLSs and increase the level of α-SMA. | Ciregia et al. (2021) |
| Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) | Integrin α5β1- ERK/p38/JNK-NF-κB signaling pathway. | ANGPTL2 enhanced the gene expression of inflammatory mediators, while pretreatment with anti-LILRB2 antibody for 12 h reduced the inflammatory response. | Nishiyama et al. (2021) |