. 2022 Dec 21;19(6):1533–1545. doi: 10.1111/jth.15310

TABLE 5.

Fine and Gray competing risk model for major bleeding by anticoagulation intensity in COVID‐19 patients

	Unadjusted Subhazard Ratios (95% CI) ^a	p	Adjusted Subhazard Ratios (95% CI) ^a	p
Anticoagulation Intensity (varying by day)^b
Standard prophylactic	Reference	‐	Reference	‐
Intermediate	0.75 (0.22–2.52)	.642	0.66 (0.20–2.23)	.50
Therapeutic	3.02 (1.43–6.38)	.004	2.59 (1.20–5.57)	.02
None	2.36 (0.63–8.86)	.203	1.92 (0.49–7.51)	.35
ECMO^c	4.56 (2.33–8.94)	<0.001	2.84 (1.42–5.69)	.003
Mechanical ventilation^c	6.04 (2.18–16.70)	<0.001	1.91 (0.64–5.75)	.25
CRRT/Dialysis ^c	0.52 (0.08–3.29)	0.488	2.74 (1.58–4.72)	<.001
CRRT/Dialysis*time^c, ^d	2.40 (1.16–4.97)	0.018

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenator.

^{^a}

Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard ratios with competing risk of discharge or death was used for this analysis, with anticoagulation as time‐varying covariate.

^{^b}

Anticoagulation was classified by the maximum dose of anticoagulation received on the same day or day prior. Anticoagulation was entered as a time‐varying covariate in the model.

^{^c}

Use of listed organ support device at any time during hospitalization.

^{^d}

Effect of CRRT/dialysis varied with time in the univariate Fine and Gray competing risk model (violated proportional hazards). Covariate reported with the interaction with time.