Table 1.
Comparison of moderate and severe COVID‐19 patients with and without bacterial infections
| Variables | All (N = 100) | COVID‐19 with bacterial infection (n = 50) | COVID‐19 without bacterial infection (n = 50) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age in years (IQR) | 60 (52–70) | 58 (49–67) | 62 (54–70) | 0.512 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 74 (74%) | 39 (78%) | 35 (70%) | 0.362 |
| Female | 26 (26%) | 11 (22%) | 15 (30%) | |
| Comorbids | ||||
| Diabetes | 56 (56%) | 27 (54%) | 29 (58%) | 0.687 |
| Hypertension | 55 (55%) | 25 (50%) | 30 (60%) | 0.315 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 28 (28%) | 13 (26%) | 15 (30%) | 0.656 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17 (17%) | 9 (18%) | 8 (16%) | 0.79 |
| COPD | 3 (3%) | 2 (4%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Severity of illness | <0.001 | |||
| Moderate | 43 (43%) | 10 (20%) | 33 (66%) | |
| Severe | 57 (57%) | 40 (80%) | 17 (34%) | |
| Laboratory investigations | ||||
| Median C‐reactive protein mg/L (IQR) | 147.47 (48.5–199.64) | 169.34 (95.86–231.19) | 81.57 (34.36–197.19) | 0.009 |
| Median neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (IQR) | 6.20 (3.29–11.12) | 8.58 (5.41–14.66) | 4.28 (2.96–7.89) | 0.001 |
| Median procalcitonin ng/ml (IQR) | 0.25 (0.107–0.6) | 0.369 (0.15–1.78) | 0.14 (0.07–0.44) | 0.883 |
| Type of ward | ||||
| ICU admission | 37 (37%) | 28 (56%) | 9 (18%) | <0.001 |
| SCU admission | 42 (42%) | 20 (40%) | 22 (44%) | 0.685 |
| Ward admission | 21 (21%) | 2 (4%) | 19 (38%) | <0.001 |
| Presence of invasive devices | ||||
| Endotracheal tube | 37 (37%) | 28 (56%) | 7 (14%) | <0.001 |
| CVP line | 39 (39%) | 29 (58%) | 10 (20%) | <0.001 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Invasive ventilation | 35 (35%) | 28 (56%) | 7 (14%) | <0.001 |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 49 (49) | 32 (64%) | 17 (34%) | 0.003 |
| Antibiotics | 82 (82%) | 50 (100%) | 32 (64%) | <0.001 |
| Tocilizumab | 29 (29%) | 18 (36%) | 11 (22%) | 0.123 |
| Systemic steroids | 77 (77%) | 46 (92%) | 31 (62%) | 0.001 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Length of stay, median (IQR) days | 9 (6–14) | 12.5 (7–18) | 7.5 (4–11) | 0.001 |
| Dead | 30 (30%) | 21 (42%) | 9 (18%) | 0.009 |
| Discharged | 70 (70%) | 29 (58%) | 41 (82%) | |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID‐19, coronavirus infection disease‐19; CVP, central venous pressure; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; SCU, special care unit.
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