TABLE 5.
Distribution of pathogens and the yield of conventional culture and mNGS
| Pathogen identified | patients with positive findings (n = 408) | Blood culture (n = 239) | BAL culture (n = 20) | Sputum culture (n = 68) | Urine culture (n = 56) | Blood mNGS (n = 14) | BAL mNGS (n = 13) | Sputum mNGS (n = 9) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter baumannii | 7 (1.7) | – | 3 | 7 | – | – | 2 | – |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | 6 (1.5) | 3 | 6 | 6 | – | – | 5 | 1 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 5 (1.2) | – | 3 | 4 | – | – | 3 | 2 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 5 (1.2) | – | 3 | 4 | – | – | 2 | 1 |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | 4 (1.0) | – | 4 | 3 | – | – | 2 | 1 |
| Ralstonia mannitolilytica | 3 (0.7) | – | 2 | 3 | – | – | 2 | – |
| Burkholderia multivorans | 3 (0.7) | – | 2 | 2 | – | – | 2 | 1 |
| Escherichia coli | 2 (0.5) | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – |
| Pseudomonas putida | 2 (0.5) | – | 1 | 2 | – | – | – | – |
| Enterococcus faecium | 2 (0.5) | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 1 (0.2) | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 1 (0.2) | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Sphingomonas Paucimobilis | 1 (0.2) | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – |
| Pediococcus lactis a | 1 (0.2) | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Bacteroides ovatus | 1 (0.2) | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – |
| Aspergillus fumigatus b | 2 (0.5) | – | 3 | 2 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Aspergillus flavus | 1 (0.2) | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – |
| Penicillium rolfsii b , c | 1 (0.2) | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – |
| Candida parapsilosis | 1 (0.2) | 1 | – | – | 1 | – | – | – |
| Herpes simplex virus‐1 | 5 (1.2) | – | – | – | – | 2 | 4 | – |
Data are no. positive (%) of patients. “−” : negative.
a
The bacterium was identified by 16S sequencing shown in supplementary file.
b
Fragment hyphae with 45‐degree branches seen under gram staining of sputum or BAL (1000× magnification).
c
Penicillium rolfsii was identified by ITS sequencing shown in supplementary file.