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. 2021 Mar 25;77(8):3286–3302. doi: 10.1111/jan.14839

TABLE 3.

Risk factors for nurses' burnout during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Reference Emotional exhaustion Depersonalization Lack of personal accomplishment Total burnout Level of analysis
Chen et al. (2020a)

  • Females (OR=1.30; 95% CI=1.09–1.54; p = 0.003)

  • Work in critical care unit (OR=1.23; 95% CI=1.12–1.33; p < 0.001)

  • Work in a COVID‐19 unit (OR=1.14; 95% CI=1.04–1.29; p = 0.006)

  • Work in a COVID‐19 designated hospital (OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.17–1.36; p < 0.001)

  • Work in critical care unit (OR=1.15; 95% CI=1.06–1.25; p = 0.001)

  • Work in a COVID‐19 unit (OR=1.20; 95% CI=1.08–1.33; p = 0.001)

  • Work in a COVID‐19 designated hospital (OR=1.21; 95% CI=1.12–1.31; p < 0.001)

  • Males (OR=1.96; 95% CI=1.35–2.77; p < 0.001)

  • No work in a COVID‐19 unit (OR=2; 95% CI=1.12–3.57; p = 0.019)

 Multivariable
Aydin Sayilan et al. (2020)

  • Younger age (b = −0.35, SE = 0.12, p = 0.005)

  • Higher education (b = 3.6, SE = 1.8, p = 0.047)

  • Having a relative/friend diagnosed with COVID‐19 (b = 0.8, SE = 0.2, p < 0.001)

  • Work in a COVID‐19 unit (b = 4.1, SE = 0.02, p < 0.001)

 Multivariable
Hu et al. (2020)

  • Females (0.01 < p < 0.05)

  • Higher education (p < 0.001)

  • No prior training about COVID‐19 patients (0.001 < p < 0.01)

  • No prior experience about COVID‐19 patients (0.001 < p < 0.01)

  • No confidence in caring for COVID‐ 19 patients (p < 0.001)

  • No confidence in self‐protection (p < 0.001)

  • No working safety while caring for COVID‐19 patients (p < 0.001)

  • No family/colleagues/hospital readiness to cope with COVID‐19 outbreak (p < 0.001)

  • Males (p < 0.001)

  • Younger age (p < 0.001)

  • Decreased clinical experience (0.001 < p < 0.01)

  • Increased workload (0.001 < p < 0.01)

  • No confidence in caring for COVID‐ 19 patients (p < 0.001)

  • No confidence in self‐protection (p < 0.001)

  • No working safety while caring for COVID‐19 patients (p < 0.001)

  • No family/colleagues/hospital readiness to cope with COVID‐19 outbreak (p < 0.001)

  • Younger age (0.001 < p < 0.01)

  • Decreased clinical experience (0.001 < p < 0.01)

  • No prior training about COVID‐19 patients (p < 0.001)

  • No confidence in caring for COVID‐ 19 patients (p < 0.001)

  • No confidence in self‐protection (p < 0.001)

  • No working safety while caring for COVID‐19 patients (p < 0.001)

  • No family/colleagues/hospital readiness to cope with COVID‐19 outbreak (p < 0.001)

 Univariate
Manzano García and Ayala Calvo (2020)

  • Increased workload (b = 0.2, 95% CI=0.07–0.15, p < 0.001)

  • Decreased social support (b = −0.15, 95% CI=−0.1 to −0.04, p < 0.001)

  • Decreased material and human resources (b = −0.11, 95% CI=−0.08 to −0.02, p < 0.001)

  • Increased perceived threat of Covid‐19 (b = 0.4, 95% CI=0.11–0.16, p < 0.001)

 Multivariable
Zhang et al. (2020)

  • Younger age (p = 0.042)

  • Decreased clinical experience (p = 0.027)

  • Longer working time in quarantine areas (p = 0.049)

  • Longer working time in quarantine areas (p = 0.033)

  • Older age (p = 0.026)

  • Higher degree (p = 0.04)

  • Decreased clinical experience (p = 0.024)

 Univariate

Abbreviations: CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; SE: standard error.