TABLE 2.
Differences in self‐reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and loneliness between United States and Canadian survey respondents
| Canada (%, 95% CI) | United States (%, 95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| Depression a | ||||
| Overall | 25.6 (23.3–27.8) | 34.2 (32.8–35.6) | ||
| 17.0 (13.5–20.5) | 29.4 (26.5–32.4) | 25.9 (23.5, 28.4) | 37.4 (35.8, 39.2) | |
| Age category | ||||
| 55–64 years | 20.2 (12.7–27.7) | 33.0 (27.9–38.2) | 35.7 (31.1, 40.6) | 45.2 (42.6, 47.9) |
| 65–74 years | 16.7 (11.5–21.9) | 26.7 (22.7–30.7) | 24.0 (20.5, 27.7) | 33.6 (31.1, 36.2) |
| 75–84 years | 13.6 (7.2–20.1) | 29.8 (22.5–37.1) | 14.6 (10.4, 19.7) | 25.8 (21.6, 30.4) |
| 85+ years | 20.8 (4.6–37.1) | 31.3 (8.5–54.0) | 17.5 (7.3, 32.8) | 27.3 (15.0, 42.8) |
| Anxiety b | ||||
| Overall | 23.7 (21.6–25.9) | 30.8 (29.5–32.2) | ||
| 19.0 (15.5–22.5) | 26.0 (23.3–28.7) | 23.9 (21.5, 26.4) | 33.6 (31.9, 5.2) | |
| Age category | ||||
| 55–64 years | 22.2 (14.7–29.8) | 27.9 (23.1–32.8) | 27.4 (23.2, 32.1) | 40.1 (37.5, 42.8) |
| 65–74 years | 17.7 (12.5–22.9) | 26.0 (22.2–29.9) | 24.6 (21.1, 28.4) | 31.2 (28.8, 33.7) |
| 75–84 years | 19.2 (12.5–26.0) | 24.1 (17.6–30.6) | 17.2 (12.7, 22.6) | 21.6 (17.7, 26.0) |
| 85+ years | 14.3 (1.3–27.3) | 14.3 (1.3–27.3) | 17.5 (7.3, 32.8) | 14.0 (5.3, 27.9) |
| Loneliness c | ||||
| Overall | 28.4 (26.2–30.7) | 29.2 (27.9, 30.6) | ||
| 20.9 (17.3–24.5) | 31.9 (29.0–34.7) | 23.1 (20.8, 25.5) | 31.6 (30.0, 33.3) | |
| Age category | ||||
| 55–64 years | 31.6 (23.2–40.1) | 31.1 (26.2–36.1) | 31.3 (26.9, 36.0) | 45.2 (42.6, 47.9) |
| 65–74 years | 18.8 (13.5–24.0) | 32.5 (28.4–36.6) | 20.1 (16.8, 23.7) | 30.6 (28.8, 33.7) |
| 75–84 years | 16.5 (10.2–22.9) | 32.1 (25.1–39.2) | 16.3 (11.8, 21.7) | 24.9 (20.7, 29.6) |
| 85+ years | 13.8 (1.2–26.3) | 28.6 (11.8–45.3) | 18.9 (8.0, 35.2) | 26.2 (13.9, 42.0) |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
a
Calculated using CESD score 3+, CIs calculated using binomial distribution, missing 144 in Canada, 17 in United States.
b
Calculated using BAI score 10+, CIs calculated using binomial distribution, missing 35 in Canada, 68 in United States.
c
Calculated using UCLA loneliness score 6+, CIs calculated using binomial distribution, missing 18 in Canada, 97 in United States.