TABLE 1.
Characteristics of all kidney transplant patients included in the COVID-19 Spanish Registry
| Variables | All (n = 1011) | Dead (n = 220) | Recovered (n = 791) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waves | ||||
| 1st wave, n (%) | 548 (54.2) | 150 (27.4) | 398 (72.6) | <.001 |
| 2nd wave, n (%) | 463 (45.8) | 70 (15.1) | 393 (84.9) | |
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Males, n (%) | 635 (62.8) | 144 (66.5) | 491 (62.1) | .35 |
| Recipient age (years), median [IQR]a | 60 [50–69] | 70.5 [61–75] | 57 [48–67] | <.001 |
| Age <65 years, n (%)b | 628 (62.1) | 78 (12.4) | 550 (87.6) | <.001 |
| Age ≥65 years, n (%)b | 383 (37.9) | 142 (37.1) | 241 (62.9) | |
| DM as cause of kidney disease, n (%) | 131 (13) | 35 (17.2) | 96 (12.5) | .08 |
| ACEIs treatment, n (%) | 144 (14.2) | 31 (14.1) | 113 (14.3) | .94 |
| ARBs treatment, n (%) | 274 (27.1) | 54 (24.5) | 220 (27.8) | .33 |
| Time from KT to COVID–19 (months), median [IQR]a | 72 [30–140] | 72 [21–157] | 72 [31–139] | .74 |
| Time from KT ≤6 months, n (%)c | 86 (8.5) | 31 (36) | 55 (64) | .001 |
| Time from KT >6 months, n (%)c | 925 (91.5) | 189 (20.4) | 736 (79.6) | |
| Immunosuppressive therapy at COVID–19 diagnosisd | ||||
| Prednisone, n (%) | 777 (76.9) | 171 (83) | 606 (79.2) | .22 |
| Tacrolimus, n (%) | 829 (82) | 168 (81.6) | 661 (86.4) | .08 |
| Mycophenolate, n (%) | 733 (72.5) | 158 (76.7) | 575 (75.2) | .64 |
| mTOR inhibitors, n (%) | 174 (17.2) | 31 (15) | 143 (18.7) | .22 |
| Clinical features at COVID–19 diagnosis | ||||
| Asymptomatic, n (%) | 99 (9.8) | 0 (0) | 99 (12.5) | … |
| Fever, n (%) | 742 (73.4) | 177 (79.5) | 567 (71.7) | .02 |
| Cough, expectoration, and/or rhinorrhea, n (%) | 682 (67.5) | 173 (78.6) | 509 (64.3) | <.001 |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms, n (%) | 323 (31.9) | 56 (25.5) | 267 (33.8) | .02 |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 671 (66.4) | 204 (92.7) | 467 (59) | <.001 |
| Lymphopenia, n (%) | 690 (68.2) | 190 (86.4) | 500 (63.2) | <.001 |
| COVID–19 outcomes and treatment | ||||
| Hospitalized, n (%) | 791 (78.2) | 214 (97.3) | 577 (72.9) | <.001 |
| Ventilator support, n (%) | 155 (15.3) | 125 (56.8) | 30 (3.8) | <.001 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 140 (13.8) | 87 (39.5) | 53 (6.7) | <.001 |
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 480 (47.5) | 126 (57.3) | 354 (44.8) | .001 |
| Azithromycin, n (%) | 280 (27.7) | 66 (30) | 214 (27.1) | .38 |
| Glucocorticoids, n (%) | 494 (48.9) | 143 (65) | 351 (44.4) | <.001 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir, n (%) | 184 (18.2) | 69 (31.4) | 115 (14.5) | <.001 |
| Tocilizumab, n (%) | 141 (13.9) | 50 (22.7) | 92 (11.5) | <.001 |
| Remdesivir, n (%) | 26 (2.6) | 4 (1.8) | 22 (2.8) | .42 |
| Non anti-COVID–19 therapy, n (%)e | 242 (23.9) | 19 (8.6) | 223 (28.2) | <.001 |
| Length of COVID–19 episode (days), median [IQR]a | 15 [9–22] | 10 [5–20] | 15 [10–23] | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; DM, diabetes mellitus; IQR, interquartile range; KT, kidney transplantation.
a
Mood’s median test according to order of appearance in the table: p < .001, p = .99, p < .001, respectively.
b
Percentage within age < or ≥65 years.
c
Percentage within time from KT ≤ or >6 months.
d
Data of 971 patients: 765 survivors and 206 nonsurvivors.
e
Non-anti-COVID-19 therapy includes the cases that have not received specific drugs against SARS-CoV-2 or against the inflammatory response due to COVID-19.