Table 1.
Clinical features of study participants, who responded to the interview sheet between 28 March and 30 May 2020
| n | 1,402 | |
| Male sex | 863 (61.6%) | |
| Age (years) | 67 ± 13 | |
| Type 1 diabetes | 70 (5.0%) | |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 14 ± 9 | (Data missing, n = 31) |
| Hypertension | 880 (62.8%) | |
| Dyslipidemia | 1,010 (72.0%) | |
| Weight and glycemic control in February 2020 | ||
| Bodyweight (kg) | 64.9 ± 14.2 | (Data missing, n = 153) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 4.1 | (Data missing, n = 154) |
| Hemoglobin A1c | 7.2 ± 0.9 | (Data missing, n = 195) |
| Insulin use | 391 (27.9%) | |
| Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist use | 117 (8.3%) | |
| Oral antihyperglycemic agent use | 1,132 (80.7%) | |
| Lifestyle change during COVID‐19 pandemic (response to the interview sheet) | ||
| Response during a state of emergency (from 7 April to 20 May 2020) | 926 (66.0%) | |
| Leisure time physical activities | ||
| Decreased | 369 (26.3%) | |
| Due to COVID‐19 pandemic | 295 (79.9%) | |
| Unchanged | 961 (68.5%) | |
| Increased | 72 (5.1%) | |
| Due to COVID‐19 pandemic | 26 (36.6%) | (Data missing, n = 1) |
| Other physical activities | ||
| Decreased | 360 (25.7%) | |
| Due to COVID‐19 pandemic | 311 (86.4%) | |
| Unchanged | 988 (70.5%) | |
| Increased | 54 (3.9%) | |
| Due to COVID‐19 pandemic | 19 (35.2%) | |
| Amount of meals | ||
| Decreased | 116 (8.3%) | |
| Due to COVID‐19 pandemic | 23 (20.0%) | (Data missing, n = 1) |
| Unchanged | 1,178 (84.0%) | |
| Increased | 108 (7.7%) | |
| Due to COVID‐19 pandemic | 45 (42.1%) | (Data missing, n = 1) |
| Amount of snacks | ||
| Decreased | 142 (10.1%) | |
| Due to COVID‐19 pandemic | 21 (14.8%) | |
| Unchanged | 1,039 (74.1%) | |
| Increased | 221 (15.8%) | |
| Due to COVID‐19 pandemic | 141 (63.8%) | |
| Decline in eating out | 624 (44.5%) | |
| Due to COVID‐19 pandemic | 569 (91.2%) | |
| Change of antihyperglycemic medication regimens from February to May 2020 | 152 (10.8%) | |
| Classified according to intensification of antihyperglycemic effect | ||
| Antihyperglycemic drugs increased | 98 (64.5%) | |
| Antihyperglycemic drugs decreased | 42 (27.6%) | |
| Antihyperglycemic drugs switched | 12 (7.9%) | |
| Classified according to association with weight change † | ||
| Weight‐gaining drugs increased or weight‐reducing drugs decreased | 56 (36.8%) | |
| Weight ‐gaining drugs decreased or weight‐reducing drugs increased | 46 (30.3%) | |
| Both weight‐gaining drugs and weight‐reducing drugs increased or decreased | 6 (3.9%) | |
| Only weight‐neutral drugs changed | 44 (28.9%) |
Data are mean ± standard deviation or frequency (percentage).
COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019.
†
Weight‐gaining drugs include sulfonylureas, glinides, thiazolidinediones and insulin, weight‐reducing drugs include sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, and weight‐neutral drugs include metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and alpha glucosidase inhibitors, respectively.