Table 4.

Gatekeepers’ Responses on the three questions raised here (an update from 2020).

Nationality	In general, do you think your community is satisfied with their working and living in Jeddah?	In general, does living in Jeddah with no documents concern your community?	Do you think, overall, if an amnesty initiative by the Saudi authority takes place now or in the future, will the majority of your community use it?
Yemeni	Yes, the majority are satisfied	No, the majority are not concerned	No, the majority will not use it, circular migration is easy.
Filipino	Yes, to a certain extent, the majority are satisfied.	Yes, the great majority are concerned.	Yes, the vast majority will use it.
Indonesian	Yes, I think they are satisfied.	Yes, the majority are concerned.	No, the majority will not use it
Indian	Yes, I think they are satisfied	yes, it concerns them a bit.	No, the majority will not use it
Pakistani	Yes, I think they are satisfied	yes, it concerns them	No, the majority will not use it
Bangladeshi	Yes, I think they are satisfied	yes, it concerns them	No, the majority will not use it
African: nine different communities	Yes, I think they are satisfied	yes, it concerns them	No, the vast majority will not use it

Source: Author's fieldwork data (2020).