TABLE 1.
Characteristics of hospitalized vs non‐hospitalized among patients with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19 with previously established type 1 diabetes
| Hospitalized N = 61 | Non‐Hospitalized N = 205 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 0.91 | ||
| 0 to 5 | 3 (5) | 7 (3) | |
| 6 to 10 | 6 (10) | 19 (9) | |
| 11 to 15 | 29 (48) | 97 (47) | |
| 16 to 18 | 23 (38) | 82 (40) | |
| Female | 33 (54) | 100 (49) | 0.55 |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||
| Non‐Hispanic White | 20 (33) | 126 (61) | |
| Non‐Hispanic Black | 21 (34) | 26 (13) | |
| Hispanic | 17 (28) | 46 (22) | |
| Other | 3 (5) | 7 (3) | |
| Insurance Type | <0.001 | ||
| Public | 39 (64) | 84 (41) | |
| Private | 19 (31) | 119 (58) | |
| Uninsured | 3 (5) | 2 (1) | |
| A1c % | 11 [3.6] | 8.2 [2.3] | <0.001 |
| A1c mmol/mol | 97 [16] | 66 [1.6] | <0.001 |
| Last A1c Group | <0.001 | ||
| <7% (<53 mmol/mol) | 0 (0) | 35 (17) | |
| 7%‐9% (53‐65 mmol/mol) | 11 (18) | 106 (52) | |
| >9% (>65 mmol/mol) | 50 (82) | 64 (31) | |
| Duration of T1D | 1 | ||
| Less than 1 year | 7 (11) | 23 (11) | |
| 1‐5 years | 32 (52) | 107 (52) | |
| More than 5 years | 22 (36) | 75 (37) | |
| Insulin Pump Use | 16 (26) | 110 (54) | <0.001 |
| CGM Use | 24 (39) | 153 (75) | <0.001 |
| Most prevalent symptoms | |||
| High Blood Sugar | 29 (48) | 58 (28) | 0.007 |
| Elevated Temperature | 17 (28) | 61 (30) | 0.87 |
| Dry Cough | 16 (26) | 46 (22) | 0.6 |
| Nausea | 20 (33) | 12 (6) | <0.001 |
| Excess Fatigue | 12 (20) | 30 (15) | 0.42 |
| Body aches/Headaches | 14 (23) | 58 (28) | 0.51 |
| Vomiting | 30 (49) | 6 (3) | <0.001 |
| Shortness of breath | 10 (16) | 10 (5) | 0.005 |
| Adverse Acute T1D Outcome | <0.001 | ||
| Death | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| DKA | 44 (72) | 0 (0) | |
| Severe Hypoglycemia | 4 (7) | 0 (0) | |
| Respiratory support a | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| None b | 10 (16) | 205 (100) | |
Note: N (%) or median [IQR].
Abbreviations: CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; IQR, interquartile range; T1D, type 1 diabetes. Other Race include 3 Asians, 2 people with more than one race.
a
Two patients were managed with nasal cannula for respiratory support while one of the patients was mechanically intubated.
b
The 10 hospitalized patients with no adverse acute T1D outcome were hospitalized for other non‐COVID19 or diabetes reasons for example prescheduled urologic procedures, salmonella enteritis, suicidal ideation etc.