TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the study sample (n = 990)
| Characteristic | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Female sex | 484 | 48.9 |
| Age group | ||
| 0 year | 202 | 20.4 |
| 1–2 years | 229 | 23.1 |
| 3–5 years | 144 | 14.5 |
| 6–11 years | 247 | 24.9 |
| 12–17 years | 168 | 17.0 |
| COVID‐19 confirmed by real‐time PCR | 639 | 64.5 |
| Positive SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG | 352 | 35.6 |
| Delay between onset and diagnosis | ||
| 0–1 day | 437 | 44.1 |
| 2–7 days | 460 | 46.5 |
| >7 days | 93 | 9.4 |
| Likely index case | ||
| Parent | 281 | 28.4 |
| Sibling | 14 | 1.4 |
| Other | 120 | 12.1 |
| Unknown | 575 | 58.1 |
| Medical history | ||
| Known history of BCG vaccine | 740 | 74.7 |
| Pre‐existing medical conditions | 128 | 12.9 |
| Immunosuppressants at the time of diagnosis | 11 | 1.1 |
| Primary or secondary immunodeficiency | 8 | 0.8 |
| Chemotherapy over the last 6 months | 8 | 0.8 |
| Admitted to the hospital | 303 | 30.6 |
| Intensive care during hospital stay | 47 | 4.7 |
| Symptoms | ||
| Pyrexia (≥38.0/≥100.4°C/°F) | 677 | 68.4 |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 466 | 47.1 |
| Diarrhea and/or vomiting | 301 | 30.4 |
| Lower respiratory tract infection | 215 | 21.7 |
| Headache | 104 | 10.5 |
| Chest X‐ray | ||
| Not performed | 705 | 71.2 |
| Negative | 193 | 19.5 |
| Positive (abnormal findings a and/or ARDS b ) | 92 | 9.3 |
| Respiratory support | ||
| Oxygen support | 117 | 11.8 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 31 | 3.1 |
| Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) | 11 | 1.1 |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) | 0 | 0.0 |
| Administration of inotropes | 29 | 2.9 |
| Co‐infections detected in respiratory samples(s) c | 14 | 1.4 |
| Drug administration | ||
| Systemic corticosteroids | 90 | 9.1 |
| Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) | 60 | 6.1 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 9 | 0.9 |
| Oseltamivir | 8 | 0.8 |
| Lopinavir or ritonavir | 3 | 0.3 |
| Non‐corticosteroid immunosuppressants | 3 | 0.3 |
| Favipiravir | 2 | 0.2 |
| Remdesivir | 2 | 0.2 |
| Chloroquine, ribavirin or zanamivir | 0 | 0.0 |
| MIS‐C diagnosis | ||
| No | 921 | 93.0 |
| Yes, with no cardiac or joint involvement | 33 | 3.3 |
| Yes, with cardiac involvement d | 23 | 2.3 |
| Yes, with joint involvement | 11 | 1.1 |
| Yes, with cardiac and joint involvement d | 2 | 0.2 |
| Tocilizumab administration to treat MIS‐C | 8 | 0.8 |
| Current status | ||
| All symptoms resolved | 969 | 97.9 |
| Dead e | 8 | 0.8 |
| Still symptomatic | 7 | 0.7 |
| Long‐term sequelae | 6 | 0.6 |
| Center | ||
| Peru | 383 | 38.7 |
| Costa Rica | 299 | 30.2 |
| Argentina | 253 | 25.6 |
| Colombia | 43 | 4.3 |
| Mexico | 12 | 1.2 |
Abbreviations: ARDS, Acute respiratory distress syndrome; BCG, bacillus Calmette–Guérin; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; IgG, immunoglobulin G; MIS‐C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SARS‐CoV‐2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
45 cases of interstitial disease, 30 cases of consolidation, 4 cases of pleural effusion and 13 unspecified diagnoses.
3 cases of interstitial disease, 3 cases of consolidation and 10 unspecified diagnoses.
8 mycoplasmas, 3 rhinoviruses, 1 cytomegalovirus, 1 Epstein–Barr virus and 1 unspecified virus.
10 cases of pericardial effusion, 6 cases of coronary dilatation, 5 cases of myocarditis and 4 cases of “other” cardiac involvement.
Mean time from symptom onset to death was 14 ± 8 days, ranging from 3 to 27.
This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.