TABLE 2.
Association of HLA‐A, ‐C, ‐B, and ‐DRB1 alleles with severe COVID‐19 in symptomatic Japanese patients
| Locus | Allele | Severe (2N = 146) no. (%) a | Nonsevere (2N = 210) no. (%) a | OR (95% CI) b | p c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | A*02:01 | 14 (0.10) | 26 (0.12) | 0.885 (0.299–2.62) | 0.826 |
| A*02:06 | 12 (0.08) | 14 (0.07) | 1.16 (0.345–3.91) | 0.809 | |
| A*11:01 | 15 (0.10) | 17 (0.08) | 1.76 (0.579–5.33) | 0.320 | |
| A*24:02 | 55 (0.38) | 70 (0.33) | 1.75 (0.716–4.27) | 0.220 | |
| A*26:01 | 12 (0.08) | 16 (0.08) | 1.66 (0.502–5.45) | 0.407 | |
| A*31:01 | 11 (0.08) | 13 (0.06) | 1.49 (0.451–4.95) | 0.511 | |
| A*33:03 | 13 (0.09) | 27 (0.13) | 0.945 (0.306–2.92) | 0.921 | |
| Others | 14 (0.10) | 27 (0.13) | ND | ND | |
| C | C*01:02 | 18 (0.12) | 34 (0.16) | 0.980 (0.364–2.63) | 0.967 |
| C*03:03 | 19 (0.13) | 29 (0.14) | 0.884 (0.309–2.53) | 0.818 | |
| C*03:04 | 19 (0.13) | 21 (0.10) | 2.05 (0.753–5.58) | 0.160 | |
| C*04:01 | 9 (0.06) | 11 (0.05) | 1.57 (0.416–5.96) | 0.505 | |
| C*07:02 | 20 (0.14) | 27 (0.13) | 1.09 (0.392–3.04) | 0.866 | |
| C*08:01 | 8 (0.05) | 11 (0.05) | 1.45 (0.395–5.34) | 0.574 | |
| C*12:02 | 18 (0.12) | 25 (0.12) | 1.59 (0.585–4.31) | 0.364 | |
| C*14:02 | 10 (0.07) | 8 (0.04) | 3.13 (0.848–11.6) | 0.0868 | |
| C*14:03 | 11 (0.08) | 21 (0.10) | 1.25 (0.386–4.04) | 0.712 | |
| Others | 14 (0.10) | 23 (0.11) | ND | ND | |
| B | B*07:02 | 12 (0.08) | 13 (0.06) | 1.65 (0.542–5.03) | 0.377 |
| B*15:01 | 13 (0.09) | 15 (0.07) | 1.23 (0.434–3.46) | 0.701 | |
| B*35:01 | 13 (0.09) | 24 (0.11) | 0.510 (0.204–1.27) | 0.149 | |
| B*40:01 | 9 (0.06) | 16 (0.08) | 1.38 (0.443–4.29) | 0.579 | |
| B*40:02 | 12 (0.08) | 7 (0.03) | 2.96 (0.927–9.45) | 0.0669 | |
| B*44:03 | 11 (0.08) | 20 (0.10) | 0.954 (0.344–2.65) | 0.927 | |
| B*51:01 | 14 (0.10) | 11 (0.05) | 2.31 (0.760–7.01) | 0.140 | |
| B*52:01 | 17 (0.12) | 25 (0.12) | 1.48 (0.618–3.57) | 0.377 | |
| B*54:01 | 5 (0.03) | 16 (0.08) | 0.364 (0.106–1.26) | 0.110 | |
| Others | 40 (0.27) | 63 (0.30) | ND | ND | |
| DRB1 | DRB1*01:01 | 10 (0.07) | 13 (0.06) | 1.64 (0.531–5.08) | 0.388 |
| DRB1*04:05 | 15 (0.10) | 26 (0.12) | 1.93 (0.783–4.75) | 0.153 | |
| DRB1*08:03 | 7 (0.05) | 14 (0.07) | 0.792 (0.253–2.49) | 0.690 | |
| DRB1*09:01 | 29 (0.20) | 22 (0.10) | 3.62 (1.57–8.35) | 0.00251 d | |
| DRB1*13:02 | 12 (0.08) | 19 (0.09) | 1.56 (0.548–4.45) | 0.404 | |
| DRB1*15:01 | 17 (0.12) | 16 (0.08) | 1.55 (0.595–4.01) | 0.371 | |
| DRB1*15:02 | 16 (0.11) | 25 (0.12) | 1.68 (0.673–4.20) | 0.266 | |
| Others | 40 (0.27) | 75 (0.36) | ND | ND |
Abbreviation: ND, not determined.
a
The count and the frequency of each HLA allele are shown.
b
The odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated from the beta coefficient and the standard error estimated in the logistic regression analysis.
c
p‐value was obtained using logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex.
d
p perm = 0.0418 in DRB1*09:01.