Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted ORs for potential risk factors and association with severe outcomes*
|
No. of severe outcomes/ no. of cases (%) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 13/26 (50) | 1.04 (0.51–2.10) | 1.05 (0.52–2.13) |
| Age | – | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) |
| Vasculitis diagnosis | |||
| GPA (referent: not GPA) | 12/24 (50) | 1.71 (0.62–4.81) | 2.19 (0.68–7.63) |
| MPA (referent: not MPA) | 7/25 (28) | 0.53 (0.17–1.52) | 0.43 (0.13–1.36) |
| Comorbidities (referent: individual comorbidity not present) | |||
| Hypertension | 12/25 (48) | 1.46 (0.71–3.04) | 1.39 (0.64–3.04) |
| CVD | 8/17 (47) | 1.32 (0.59–2.93) | 1.08 (0.52–2.23) |
| Respiratory disease | 10/13 (77) | 7.50 (1.99–36.94) | 7.53 (1.93–38.22)† |
| Diabetes | 6/13 (46) | 1.25 (0.51–2.99) | 1.20 (0.48–2.92) |
| Renal disease | 12/30 (40) | 1.00 (0.49–2.03) | 1.05 (0.52–2.14) |
| End‐stage kidney disease | 6/17 (35) | 0.85 (0.25–2.65) | 0.77 (0.22–2.48) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Ever smoker (referent: never) | 9/18 (50) | 2.25 (0.65–8.05) | 2.33 (0.62–9.28) |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | |||
| Any immunosuppressive therapy (referent: not receiving immunosuppressive therapy) | 24/55 (44) | 3.10 (0.70–21.79) | 3.66 (0.77–27.29) |
| GCs (referent: no prednisone) | |||
| Prednisone (any dose) | 22/45 (49) | 3.35 (1.02–13.2) | 3.66 (1.09–14.9)‡ |
| Prednisone 1.0–5.0 mg/day | 10/19 (53) | 3.89 (0.98–17.93) | 3.76 (0.91–18.02) |
| Prednisone ≥5.1 mg/day | 12/26 (46) | 3.00 (0.82–12.86) | 3.32 (0.86–15.35) |
| Other immunosuppressive therapy | |||
| Azathioprine (referent: not receiving azathioprine) | 6/12 (50) | 1.65 (0.46–5.97) | 1.57 (0.42–5.85) |
| CYC (referent: not receiving CYC) | 5/10 (50) | 1.62 (0.41–6.48) | 1.83 (0.44–7.76) |
| Rituximab (referent: not receiving rituximab) | 9/22 (41) | 1.06 (0.36–3.01) | 1.25 (0.40–3.90) |
A severe outcome was defined as a composite of requirement for advanced oxygen therapy (such as noninvasive ventilation or high‐flow oxygen device), requirement for invasive ventilation, or death. A separate logistic regression model including sex and age as a continuous variable was calculated for each explanatory variable. The adjusted models for age and sex were derived from a single logistic regression model which included sex and age as a continuous variable. OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval (see Table 1 for other definitions).
P < 0.00645. Respiratory disease refers to non–vasculitis‐related lower respiratory tract disease, though it is possible that some patients had coexistent vasculitis‐related respiratory disease.
P < 0.047.