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. 2021 Jul 1;147(8):729–738. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2021.1276

Table 5. Analysis of Between-Subgroup Differences for i2MWT Metrics.

Variable Estimated marginal mean (SE) Estimated marginal mean (SE) difference [95% CI] ES (95% CI)
Healthy Unilateral
Healthy vs UVL
GV, m/s 1.45 (0.06) 1.24 (0.09) 0.21 (0.12) [−0.10 to 0.52] 1.04 (−0.25 to 2.33)
Cadence, SPM 117.30 (3.44) 112.31 (4.66) 4.98 (6.65) [−11.58 to 21.55] 0.46 (−0.80 to 1.72)
DS 19.19 (0.74) 19.76 (1.00) −0.57 (1.43) [−4.13 to 2.99] −0.24 (−1.50 to 1.01)
SL (left), m 1.47 (0.04) 1.3 (0.05) 0.18 (0.08) [−0.01 to 0.36] 1.41 (0.09 to 2.73)
SL (right), m 1.46 (0.04) 1.29 (0.05) 0.17 (0.07) [−0.01 to 0.35] 1.41 (0.09 to 2.73)
TA, ° 180.23 (1.71) 184.11 (2.32) −3.88 (3.32) [−12.14 to 4.38] −0.71 (−1.98 to 0.56)
TD, ms 952 (72) 1018 (97) −67 (139) [−413 to 280] −0.29 (−1.55 to 0.97)
PTV, °/s 239.70 (13.08) 193.11 (17.72) 46.58 (25.31) [−16.46 to 109.62] 1.12 (−0.18 to 2.42)
MTV, °/s 195.27 (10.63) 185.14 (14.40) 10.13 (20.57) [−41.10 to 61.36] 0.30 (−0.96 to 1.56)
TNS 3.27 (0.15) 3.46 (0.21) −0.19 (0.29) [−0.92 to 0.54] −0.39 (−1.65 to 0.87)
Healthy vs BVL
GV, m/s 1.45 (0.06) 1.27 (0.10) 0.18 (0.13) [−0.13 to 0.49] 0.88 (−0.42 to 2.17)
Cadence, SPM 117.30 (3.44) 113.50 (5.25) 3.80 (6.73) [−12.97 to 20.57] 0.35 (−0.93 to 1.62)
DS 19.19 (0.74) 19.91 (1.13) −0.72 (1.45) [−4.33 to 2.88] −0.31 (−1.58 to 0.96)
SL (left), m 1.47 (0.04) 1.32 (0.06) 0.15 (0.08) [−0.04 to 0.34] 1.23 (−0.08 to 2.55)
SL (right), m 1.46 (0.04) 1.29 (0.06) 0.17 (0.07) [−0.02 to 0.35] 1.40 (0.07 to 2.74)
TA, ° 180.23 (1.71) 176.23 (2.62) 4.00 (3.36) [−4.37 to 12.36] 0.73 (−0.55 to 2.02)
TD, ms 952 (72) 1396 (110) −445 (141) [−795 to −94] −1.95 (−3.34 to −0.56)
PTV, °/s 239.70 (13.08) 185.21 (19.98) 54.49 (25.62) [−9.32 to 118.30] 1.31 (−0.01 to 2.64)
MTV, °/s 195.27 (10.63) 139.32 (16.24) 55.95 (20.82) [4.09 to 107.80] 1.66 (0.30 to 3.01)
TNS 3.27 (0.15) 3.49 (0.23) −0.22 (0.30) [−0.96 to 0.52] −0.46 (−1.73 to 0.82)
UVL vs BVL
GV, m/s 1.24 (0.09) 1.27 (0.10) −0.03 (0.12) [−0.33 to 0.26] −0.16 (−1.36 to 1.03)
Cadence, SPM 112.31 (4.66) 113.50 (5.25) −1.18 (6.34) [−16.97 to 14.61] −0.11 (−1.30 to 1.09)
DS 19.76 (1.00) 19.91 (1.13) −0.15 (1.36) [−3.55 to 3.24] −0.06 (−1.26 to 1.13)
SL (left), m 1.30 (0.05) 1.32 (0.06) −0.02 (0.07) [−0.20 to 0.16] −0.18 (−1.38 to 1.02)
SL (right), m 1.29 (0.05) 1.29 (0.06) 0 (0.07) [−0.17 to 0.17] −0.01 (−1.2 to 1.19)
TA, ° 184.11 (2.32) 176.23 (2.62) 7.88 (3.16) [0 to 15.76] 1.45 (0.18 to 2.71)
TD, ms 1018 (97) 1396 (110) −378 (132) [−708 to −48] −1.66 (−2.95 to −0.37)
PTV, °/s 193.11 (17.72) 185.21 (19.98) 7.91 (24.13) [−52.18 to 68.00] 0.19 (−1.01 to 1.39)
MTV, °/s 185.14 (14.40) 139.32 (16.24) 45.82 (19.61) [−3.02 to 94.65] 1.36 (0.10 to 2.62)
TNS 3.46 (0.21) 3.49 (0.23) −0.03 (0.28) [−0.72 to 0.67] −0.06 (−1.26 to 1.13)

Abbreviations: BVL, bilateral vestibular loss; DS, double support; ES, effect size (Cohen d); GV, gait velocity; i2MWT, instrumented 2-minute walk test; MTV, mean turn velocity; PTV, peak turn velocity; SL, stride length; SPM, steps per minute; TA, turn angle; TD, turn duration; TNS, number of steps to turn; UVL, unilateral vestibular loss.