Table 5. Analysis of Between-Subgroup Differences for i2MWT Metrics.
Variable | Estimated marginal mean (SE) | Estimated marginal mean (SE) difference [95% CI] | ES (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy | Unilateral | |||
Healthy vs UVL | ||||
GV, m/s | 1.45 (0.06) | 1.24 (0.09) | 0.21 (0.12) [−0.10 to 0.52] | 1.04 (−0.25 to 2.33) |
Cadence, SPM | 117.30 (3.44) | 112.31 (4.66) | 4.98 (6.65) [−11.58 to 21.55] | 0.46 (−0.80 to 1.72) |
DS | 19.19 (0.74) | 19.76 (1.00) | −0.57 (1.43) [−4.13 to 2.99] | −0.24 (−1.50 to 1.01) |
SL (left), m | 1.47 (0.04) | 1.3 (0.05) | 0.18 (0.08) [−0.01 to 0.36] | 1.41 (0.09 to 2.73) |
SL (right), m | 1.46 (0.04) | 1.29 (0.05) | 0.17 (0.07) [−0.01 to 0.35] | 1.41 (0.09 to 2.73) |
TA, ° | 180.23 (1.71) | 184.11 (2.32) | −3.88 (3.32) [−12.14 to 4.38] | −0.71 (−1.98 to 0.56) |
TD, ms | 952 (72) | 1018 (97) | −67 (139) [−413 to 280] | −0.29 (−1.55 to 0.97) |
PTV, °/s | 239.70 (13.08) | 193.11 (17.72) | 46.58 (25.31) [−16.46 to 109.62] | 1.12 (−0.18 to 2.42) |
MTV, °/s | 195.27 (10.63) | 185.14 (14.40) | 10.13 (20.57) [−41.10 to 61.36] | 0.30 (−0.96 to 1.56) |
TNS | 3.27 (0.15) | 3.46 (0.21) | −0.19 (0.29) [−0.92 to 0.54] | −0.39 (−1.65 to 0.87) |
Healthy vs BVL | ||||
GV, m/s | 1.45 (0.06) | 1.27 (0.10) | 0.18 (0.13) [−0.13 to 0.49] | 0.88 (−0.42 to 2.17) |
Cadence, SPM | 117.30 (3.44) | 113.50 (5.25) | 3.80 (6.73) [−12.97 to 20.57] | 0.35 (−0.93 to 1.62) |
DS | 19.19 (0.74) | 19.91 (1.13) | −0.72 (1.45) [−4.33 to 2.88] | −0.31 (−1.58 to 0.96) |
SL (left), m | 1.47 (0.04) | 1.32 (0.06) | 0.15 (0.08) [−0.04 to 0.34] | 1.23 (−0.08 to 2.55) |
SL (right), m | 1.46 (0.04) | 1.29 (0.06) | 0.17 (0.07) [−0.02 to 0.35] | 1.40 (0.07 to 2.74) |
TA, ° | 180.23 (1.71) | 176.23 (2.62) | 4.00 (3.36) [−4.37 to 12.36] | 0.73 (−0.55 to 2.02) |
TD, ms | 952 (72) | 1396 (110) | −445 (141) [−795 to −94] | −1.95 (−3.34 to −0.56) |
PTV, °/s | 239.70 (13.08) | 185.21 (19.98) | 54.49 (25.62) [−9.32 to 118.30] | 1.31 (−0.01 to 2.64) |
MTV, °/s | 195.27 (10.63) | 139.32 (16.24) | 55.95 (20.82) [4.09 to 107.80] | 1.66 (0.30 to 3.01) |
TNS | 3.27 (0.15) | 3.49 (0.23) | −0.22 (0.30) [−0.96 to 0.52] | −0.46 (−1.73 to 0.82) |
UVL vs BVL | ||||
GV, m/s | 1.24 (0.09) | 1.27 (0.10) | −0.03 (0.12) [−0.33 to 0.26] | −0.16 (−1.36 to 1.03) |
Cadence, SPM | 112.31 (4.66) | 113.50 (5.25) | −1.18 (6.34) [−16.97 to 14.61] | −0.11 (−1.30 to 1.09) |
DS | 19.76 (1.00) | 19.91 (1.13) | −0.15 (1.36) [−3.55 to 3.24] | −0.06 (−1.26 to 1.13) |
SL (left), m | 1.30 (0.05) | 1.32 (0.06) | −0.02 (0.07) [−0.20 to 0.16] | −0.18 (−1.38 to 1.02) |
SL (right), m | 1.29 (0.05) | 1.29 (0.06) | 0 (0.07) [−0.17 to 0.17] | −0.01 (−1.2 to 1.19) |
TA, ° | 184.11 (2.32) | 176.23 (2.62) | 7.88 (3.16) [0 to 15.76] | 1.45 (0.18 to 2.71) |
TD, ms | 1018 (97) | 1396 (110) | −378 (132) [−708 to −48] | −1.66 (−2.95 to −0.37) |
PTV, °/s | 193.11 (17.72) | 185.21 (19.98) | 7.91 (24.13) [−52.18 to 68.00] | 0.19 (−1.01 to 1.39) |
MTV, °/s | 185.14 (14.40) | 139.32 (16.24) | 45.82 (19.61) [−3.02 to 94.65] | 1.36 (0.10 to 2.62) |
TNS | 3.46 (0.21) | 3.49 (0.23) | −0.03 (0.28) [−0.72 to 0.67] | −0.06 (−1.26 to 1.13) |
Abbreviations: BVL, bilateral vestibular loss; DS, double support; ES, effect size (Cohen d); GV, gait velocity; i2MWT, instrumented 2-minute walk test; MTV, mean turn velocity; PTV, peak turn velocity; SL, stride length; SPM, steps per minute; TA, turn angle; TD, turn duration; TNS, number of steps to turn; UVL, unilateral vestibular loss.