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. 2021 Apr 8;118(7):2472–2481. doi: 10.1002/bit.27756

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© 2021 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering published by Wiley Periodicals LLC

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Effect of hydrophobicity of magnetic artificial cilia (MAC) on microalgae growth. (a) Overview images of wells with a plain substrate, motile hydrophilic (plasma treated) MAC and motile hydrophobic (untreated) MAC during 12 days of culture, selectively showing from Day 4 when differences start to become apparent. (b) and (c) Microscopic images of samples with (b) hydrophilic MAC and (c) hydrophobic MAC on Day 8, respectively. The table shows cell counts from different samples using a Thoma counting chamber after 12 days of culture [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]