TABLE 2.
Subgroup analyses of the associations between the tertiles of E‐DII and moderate/severe periodontitis by age, gender, and race/ethnicity in the discovery dataset (NHANES 2011–2014; n = 7081)
| Subgroup | Energy‐adjusted DIETARY INFLAMMATORY INDEX | p for interaction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | ||
| Age | ||||
| <60 years | ||||
| Cases/participants | 574/1605 | 578/1506 | 648/1576 | <.001 |
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 1.18 (0.99 to 1.40) | 1.36 (1.15 to 1.61) | |
| >60 years | ||||
| Cases/participants | 359/755 | 339/860 | 459/779 | |
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 0.66 (0.52 to 0.83) | 1.84 (1.45 to 2.35) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | ||||
| Cases/participants | 581/1289 | 543/1342 | 589/864 | <.001 |
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 0.78 (0.65 to 0.93) | 2.69 (2.17 to 3.32) | |
| Female | ||||
| Cases/participants | 352/1071 | 374/1024 | 518/1491 | |
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 1.27 (1.02 to 1.56) | 1.02 (0.84 to 1.24) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Whites | ||||
| Cases/participants | 285/987 | 355/1104 | 363/917 | .146 |
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 1.09 (0.88 to 1.35) | 1.75 (1.40 to 2.18) | |
| Others | ||||
| Cases/participants | 648/1373 | 562/1262 | 744/1438 | |
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | 1 [Reference] | 0.87 (0.72 to 1.04) | 1.35 (1.13 to 1.61) | |
All logistic regression models were adjusted for potential confounders (see legend of Figure 1) unless the covariate was tested as an effect modifier, in which case it was also entered as an interaction term.
Periodontitis was defined by CDC/AAP case definition.
Abbreviations: AAP, American Academy of Periodontology; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; CI, confidence interval; E‐DII, energy‐adjusted dietary inflammatory index; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.