Table 1.
Model tests of possible evolutionary scenarios of the coupled character combining trophic mode and symbiotic association using ‘MultiState’ analyses implemented in bayestraits.
| Models | No. of parameters | Loge L | BIC |
|---|---|---|---|
| The free model | 20 | −487.99 | 1101.01 |
| Model 1 | 16 | −499.07 | 1098.17 |
| Model 2 | 16 | −486.45 | 1072.93 |
| Model 3 | 16 | −484.67 | 1069.37 |
| Model 4 | 15 | −485.3 | 1064.37 |
| Model 5 | 12 | −481.95 | 1038.92 |
| Model 6 | 11 | −479.63 | 1028.03 |
BIC, Bayesian information criterion.
Trophic mode (autotrophy and full mycoheterotrophy) and symbiotic association represented by fungal lifestyle (‘rhizoctonias’ (R), ectomycorrhizal fungi (E) and saprotrophic fungi (S)) in our dataset were converted into a five‐state character: (1) AU‐R; (2) AU‐ES; (3) AU‐RES; (4) MH‐RES; and (5) MH‐ES. We developed plausible models to test different evolutionary paths towards full mycoheterotrophy contributed by symbiotic shifts (see the diagram of models in Supporting Information Notes S1). The BIC is used to compare models, and the model with the lowest BIC values is selected.