. 2021 Jun 29;77(1):1546. doi: 10.4102/sajp.v77i1.1546

TABLE 4.

Physical assessments pre-and post-intervention, within and between groups (n = 20).

Variable	An exercise group (n = 12) (Median)				A control group (n = 8) (Median)				Between group comparisons p (Effect size)
Variable	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	p	↑/↓	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention	p	↑/↓	Pre-intervention	Post-intervention
BM	77.80	76.10	0.525	↓	75.10	74.05	0.472	↓	0.475	0.970
BMI	25.60	24.70	0.597	↓	25.55	25.25	0.374	↓	0.503	0.792
PBF	23.80	22.70	0.001^*	↓	30.75	32.00	0.410	↑	0.092	0.098
LBM	53.80	54.50	0.019^*	↑	54.65	52.55	0.303	↓	0.880	0.624
Endomorphy	5.50	4.45	0.001^*	↓	5.80	6.00	0.733	↑	0.083	0.082
Mesomorphy	4.90	5.30	0.001^*	↑	4.50	4.40	0.004^*	↓	0.424	0.471
Ectomorphy	1.40	1.65	0.460	↑	1.25	1.20	0.367	↓	0.589	0.678
CWE	3.00	5.15	0.008^*	↑	4.05	3.10	0.023^*	↓	0.423	0.002^*
CWE	3.00	5.15	0.008^*	↑	4.05	3.10	0.023^*	↓	0.423	(0.66)^**
FEV1 (mL)	3.10	3.12	0.940	↑	2.93	2.97	0.673	↑	0.440	0.518
FEV1%	102.85	109.00	0.124	↑	88.10	79.00	0.173	↓	0.254	0.012^*
FEV1%	102.85	109.00	0.124	↑	88.10	79.00	0.173	↓	0.254	(0.55)^**
FVC (mL)	3.69	4.00	0.657	↑	3.64	4.17	0.963	↑	0.496	0.699
FEV1/FVC (%)	100.50	96.50	0.129	↓	94.00	91.00	0.673	↓	1.000	0.518
PEF (L/min)	7.72	8.03	0.291	↑	7.44	7.28	1.000	↓	0.683	0.518
VO_2max absolute (L/min)	2.45	3.55	0.001^*	↑	2.60	2.30	0.024^*	↓	0.486	0.017^*
VO_2max absolute (L/min)	2.45	3.55	0.001^*	↑	2.60	2.30	0.024^*	↓	0.486	(0.53)^**
VO_2max relative (mL/kg/min)	32.25	43.10	0.001^*	↑	32.50	25.30	0.073	↓	0.249	0.003^*
VO_2max relative (mL/kg/min)	32.25	43.10	0.001^*	↑	32.50	25.30	0.073	↓	0.249	(0.64)^**
PWC absolute (w)	107.00	145.00	0.001^*	↑	130.00	115.00	0.037^*	↓	0.682	0.028^*
PWC absolute (w)	107.00	145.00	0.001^*	↑	130.00	115.00	0.037^*	↓	0.682	(0.49)^**
PWC relative (w/kg)	1.40	1.90	0.001^*	↑	1.30	1.10	0.004^*	↓	0.475	0.001^*
PWC relative (w/kg)	1.40	1.90	0.001^*	↑	1.30	1.10	0.004^*	↓	0.475	(0.68)^**
BOS right	2.45	1.75	0.001^*	↓	3.10	3.00	0.016^*	↓	0.170	0.082
BOS left	2.95	1.70	0.014^*	↓	2.30	2.50	0.964	↑	0.812	0.167

BMI, body mass index; BM, body mass; BOS, balance overall stability; CWE, chest wall expansion; FEV1, forced expiration value of the first second; FEV1%, % of predicted FEV1; FVC, forced vital capacity; LBM, lean body mass; PBF, percentage body fat; PEF, peak expiratory flow; PWC, physical work capacity; VO_2max, maximal oxygen consumption; n, post-intervention number; ↑/↓, direction of change.

, p < 0.05.

^**

, effect size.