Table 2.
Odds ratio and 95 % CI for CKD according to tertiles of handgrip strength
| Characteristics | Sample | Handgrip strength | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Case/Control) | Low (n = 3440) | Moderate(n = 3484)b | High (n = 3483)b | |
| Entirea | 412/9,995 | Ref | 0.64(0.49–0.83) | 0.37(0.23–0.58) |
| Gender | ||||
| Men | 189/3,895 | Ref | 0.61(0.41–0.90) | 0.31(0.14–0.60) |
| Women | 223/6,100 | Ref | 0.67(0.46–0.96) | 0.44(0.23–0.77) |
| Age (≥ 50) | Ref | 0.35(0.27–0.44) | 0.13(0.08–0.19) | |
| Men | 188/3,231 | Ref | 0.34(0.23–0.49) | 0.12(0.06–0.21) |
| Women | 221/4,750 | Ref | 0.35 (0.25–0.50) | 0.14(0.08–0.24) |
| BMI (≥ 28 kg/m2) | ||||
| Yes | 86/1,760 | Ref | 0.58(0.33–1.01) | 0.29(0.12–0.66) |
| No | 326/8,235 | Ref | 0.65(0.47–0.88) | 0.40(0.23–0.66) |
| PAI | ||||
| Low PAI | 308/4,892 | Ref | 0.52(0.37–0.73) | 0.57(0.33–0.93) |
| High PAI | 104/5,103 | Ref | 0.86(0.55–1.33) | 0.14(0.04–0.36) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Yes | 79/2,232 | Ref | 0.62(0.34–1.09) | 0.17(0.39–0.50) |
| No | 333/7,763 | Ref | 0.64(0.47–0.86) | 0.44(0.26–0.70) |
| Drinking | ||||
| Yes | 72/2,808 | Ref | 0.79(0.44–1.38) | 0.18(0.04–0.52) |
| No | 340/7,187 | Ref | 0.59(0.44–0.80) | 0.44(0.26–0.70) |
| Hypertension | ||||
| Yes | 358/5,827 | Ref | 0.56(0.42–0.75) | 0.36(0.22–0.57) |
| No | 54/4,168 | Ref | 1.52(0.74–3.09) | 0.51(0.11–1.64) |
| Diabetes | ||||
| Yes | 122/1,673 | Ref | 0.57(0.36–0.90) | 0.18(0.06–0.43) |
| No | 290/8,322 | Ref | 0.69(0.49–0.95) | 0.50(0.29–0.82) |
a Entire represent one category increase of HGS
b Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, physical activity index (PAI), history of chronic diseases, HDL, LDL, TG