Table 2.
Diagnostic accuracy of screening tools to expedite assessment of frailty in people receiving haemodialysis
| Screening tools | AUC (95% CI) | P-value | Gini-I | K-S | Cut-off | Prevalence, n (%) | SENS | SPEC | PPV | NPV | LR+ | LR- |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Handgrip (Kg) | 0.71 (0.59–0.83) | 0.001 | 0.42 | 0.36 | ≤ 21.17 | 18 (23.7) | 90% | 46% | 0.49 | 0.89 | 1.67 | 0.22 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.89 (0.81–0.98) | < 0.001 | 0.78 | 0.68 | ≤ 0.85 | 38 (50.7) | 75% | 93% | 0.86 | 0.87 | 10.14 | 0.27 |
| TUG (s) | 0.90 (0.80–0.99) | < 0.001 | 0.79 | 0.74 | ≥ 10.88 | 30 (40.5) | 89% | 85% | 0.76 | 0.93 | 6.06 | 0.13 |
| STS-5 (s) | 0.86 (0.75–0.96) | <0.001 | 0.71 | 0.64 | ≥ 15.65 | 30 (42.3) | 87% | 77% | 0.64 | 0.93 | 3.80 | 0.17 |
| SF-36 PF (score) | 0.78 (0.67–0.89) | < 0.001 | 0.56 | 0.49 | ≤ 42.5 | 40 (54.1) | 64% | 85% | 0.71 | 0.80 | 4.31 | 0.42 |
| SF-36 PCS (score) | 0.76 (0.64–0.88) | < 0.001 | 0.52 | 0.47 | ≤ 32.3 | 27 (37) | 80% | 67% | 0.59 | 0.85 | 2.41 | 0.29 |
| IPAQ (METs/min/week) | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | < 0.001 | 0.68 | 0.61 | ≤ 99 | 25 (32.9) | 90% | 71% | 0.64 | 0.92 | 3.13 | 0.15 |
| FES (score) | 0.84 (0.74–0.94) | < 0.001 | 0.68 | 0.61 | ≥ 21 | 33 (43.4) | 82% | 79% | 0.69 | 0.88 | 3.95 | 0.23 |
Abbreviations AUC Area under the curve, CI Confidence interval, Gini-I Gini Index, K-S KS statistic, SENS Sensitivity, SPEC specificity, PPV Positive predictive value, NPV Negative predictive value, LR+ Positive likelihood ratio, LR- Negative likelihood ratio, TUG Timed up and go test, STS-5 Five-seconds sit to stand test, SF-36 PF Physical function score of SF-36 questionnaire, SF-36 PCS Physical composite scale of SF-36 questionnaire, IPAQ International physical activity questionnaire (short format), FES Tinetti falls efficacy scale