Table 4.
Diagnostic accuracy of screening tools to expedite assessment of fall-risk in people receiving haemodialysis
| Screening tools | AUC (95% CI) | P-value | Gini-I | K-S | Cut-off | Prevalence, n (%) | SENS | SPEC | PPV | NPV | LR+ | LR- |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Handgrip (Kg) | 0.67 (0.54–0.79) | 0.009 | 0.33 | 0.34 | ≤ 28.5 | 46 (60.5) | 55% | 79% | 0.67 | 0.69 | 2.58 | 0.57 |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.65 (0.52–0.78) | 0.021 | 0.31 | 0.32 | ≤ 0.75 | 27 (36) | 79% | 53% | 0.56 | 0.77 | 1.68 | 0.40 |
| TUG (s) | 0.66 (0.53–0.79) | 0.015 | 0.32 | 0.30 | ≥ 10.7 | 31 (41.9) | 58% | 71% | 0.60 | 0.70 | 2.03 | 0.59 |
| STS-5 (s) | 0.57 (0.43–0.71) | 0.348 | 0.14 | 0.25 | ≥ 20.3 | 18 (25.4) | 39% | 86% | 0.65 | 0.68 | 2.75 | 0.71 |
| SF-36 PF (score) | 0.69 (0.57–0.81) | 0.002 | 0.38 | 0.33 | ≤ 27.5 | 25 (33.8) | 81% | 52% | 0.56 | 0.79 | 1.67 | 0.37 |
| SF-36 PCS (score) | 0.66 (0.54–0.79) | 0.011 | 0.33 | 0.31 | ≤ 32.9 | 30 (41.1) | 73% | 58% | 0.57 | 0.74 | 1.75 | 0.46 |
| IPAQ (METs/min/week) | 0.54 (0.41–0.67) | 0.528 | 0.08 | 0.14 | ≤ 1243 | 61 (80.2) | 26% | 88% | 0.63 | 0.60 | 2.17 | 0.84 |
| FES (score) | 0.80 (0.69–0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.59 | 0.53 | ≥ 18 | 40 (52.6) | 82% | 71% | 0.69 | 0.83 | 2.86 | 0.25 |
Abbreviations: AUC Area under the curve, CI Confidence interval, Gini-I Gini Index, K-S KS statistic, SENS Sensitivity, SPEC Specificity, PPV Positive predictive value, NPV Negative predictive value, LR+ Positive likelihood ratio, LR- Negative likelihood ratio, TUG Timed up and go test, STS-5 Five-seconds sit to stand test, SF-36 PF Physical function score of SF-36 questionnaire, SF-36 PCS Physical composite scale of SF-36 questionnaire, IPAQ International physical activity questionnaire (short format), FES Tinetti falls efficacy scale