Table 2.

Summary of major tumor response assessment criteria other than RECIST

Author / Year	Criteria	Brief description
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Lencioni, R. et al. (2010) [16]	modified RECIST (mRECIST)	• To resolve limitations of anatomic tumor response metrics when applied RECIST 1.1 to molecular-targeted therapies or locoregional therapies in HCC. • Reassessment of progression that could be misinterpreted in RECIST 1.1 due to the natural progression of chronic liver disease (ascites, enlargement of lymph nodes, etc.). • Only well-delineated, arterially enhancing lesions can be selected as target lesions. • Number of target lesions: up to 5 lesions (≤ 2 in any one organ). • Short axis of porta hepatis lymph nodes ≥ 20 mm or other lymph nodes ≥ 15 mm are considered as malignant.
Brain tumor
Macdonald, D.R. et al. (1990) [17]	McDonald	• Using contrast-enhanced CT and MRI scans of the head. • Response assessment is based on changes in tumor size (the product of the maximal cross-sectional enhancing diameters). • Considering the use of corticosteroids and changes in the neurologic status of the patient.
Wen, P.Y. et al. (2010) [18]	RANO	• Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria. • An update to the McDonald Criteria which also takes into consideration of non-enhancing tumor components, and lesions on the T1/T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI sequences. • Definition of measurability. • Number of target lesions: up to 5 lesions. • Pseudo-progression considered.
Bone metastasis
Hamaoka, T. et al. (2004) [19]	MDA	• MD Anderson (MDA) Bone Response Criteria. • An approach for diagnosis and assessment of bone metastasis. • Quantitative and qualitative assessments of the behavior of bone metastases based on x-ray, CT, and MRI.
Lymphoma
Cheson, B.D., et al. (2007) [20]	Revised Cheson	• Definition of standardized response criteria for Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma using 18 F-FDG PET, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry.
Cheson, B.D., et al. (2014) [21]	Lugano	• Represent a set of revised recommendations regarding the use of the Cheson criteria and Deauville five-point scale, and formally incorporated 18 F-FDG PET into standard staging and response evaluation for FDG-avid lymphomas.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Choi, H. et al. (2007) [22]	Choi	• CT criteria for evaluation of response to imatinib therapy in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). • Combination of tumor size and tumor attenuation on CT (a 10 % decrease in tumor size or a more than 15 % decrease in tumor attenuation at 2 months of treatment) were used. • Defining progressive disease by (1) appearance of new lesions, (2) appearance or increase in size of intratumoral nodules, or (3) tumor size increase by more than 20 % without post-treatment hypodense change.
18 F-FDG PET
Young, H. et al. (1999) [23]	EORTC PET response	• European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) PET response. • Proposed a common method of assessing tumor 18 F-FDG uptake and reporting of response data.
Wahl, R.L. et al. (2009) [24]	PERCIST	• PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST). • Qualitative and quantitative approaches to metabolic tumor response assessment with 18 F-FDG PET.
Goldfarb, L. et al. (2019) [25]	iPERCIST	• Immune PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (iPERCIST). • Monitoring anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-based immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with 18 F-FDG PET.
Immunotherapy
Wolchok, J.D. et al. (2009) [26]	irRC	• The immune-related Response Criteria (irRC) • Bidimensional (the product of the maximal cross-sectional diameters). • Selection of 5 lesions (≥ 5 × 5 mm) per organ (up to 10 visceral and 5 cutaneous ones). • New lesions are incorporated into the total tumor burden, do not immediately mean progressive disease (PD).
Nishino, M. et al. (2013) [27]	irRECIST	• The immune-related Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (irRECIST) criteria. • Unidimensional (longest diameter). • Maximum 5 (2 per organ) lesions (≥ 10 mm in diameter; ≥15 mm for nodal lesions). • New lesions are incorporated in the total measured tumor burden, do not immediately mean PD.
Seymour, L. et al. (2017) [28]	iRECIST	• The immune Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (iRECIST) criteria. • Unidimensional (longest diameter). • Maximum 5 (2 per organ) lesions (≥ 10 mm in diameter; ≥15 mm for nodal lesions). • New lesions are recorded separately, not included in the sum of lesions for target lesions identified at baseline. • Defining unconfirmed progressive disease (iUPD) and confirmed progressive disease (iCPD). • iCPD: if additional new lesions appear or an increase in size of new lesions (≥ 5 mm for sum of new target lesion or any increase in new non-target lesion) on next cross-sectional imaging after iUPD.