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. 2021 Mar 9;44(3):566–592. doi: 10.1002/jimd.12370

TABLE 2.

Potential signs and symptoms at presentation observed in MMA and PA patients

Acute presentation Chronic presentation
Nervous system
Acute encephalopathy Hypotonia
Seizures Developmental delay
Movement disorders (more frequent in PA) Seizures
Stroke‐like episodes (more frequent in MMA) Movement disorders/dystonia
Gastrointestinal system
Vomiting Recurrent vomiting with ketoacidosis
Feeding difficulties Failure to thrive
Pancreatitis
Haematopoietic system
Neutropenia, pancytopenia Neutropenia, pancytopenia
Heart (mostly in PA)
Acute cardiac failure (mostly based on cardiomyopathy) Cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmias Prolonged QTc in ECG
Kidney
Chronic renal failure (almost exclusively in MMA)

Abbreviations: ECG, electrocardiogram; MMA, methylmalonic acidaemia; PA, propionic acidaemia; QTc, corrected QT interval.