TABLE 1.
Demographic and Clinical Data of Participants at Baseline
| Baseline Data | Group | Men | Age, | Disease Duration, | MDS‐ | MDS‐ | MoCA | SCOPA‐AUT | Antidepressant Therapy | Benzodiazepine Therapy | Presence of RBD a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| yr | yr | UPDRS | UPDRS | ||||||||
| II | III | ||||||||||
| Czech | HC | 25 | 64.5/6.7 | ‐ | 1.0/1.4 | 2.9/3.0 | 25.7/1.9 | 6.8/4.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| (n = 90) | (83%) | (52–75) | ‐ | (0–5) | (0–13) | (19–29) | (1–21) | (0%) | (0%) | (0%) | |
| iRBD | 25 | 66.3/6.2 | 0.5/0.8 | 2.4/4.9 | 5.4/4.6 | 24.7/2.3 | 11.6/8.8 | 10 | 4 | 0 | |
| (83%) | (52–78) | (0–3) | (0–26) | (0–18) | (16–28) | (2–35) | (33%) | (13%) | (0%) | ||
| PD | 25 | 65.8/7.1 | 2.0/1.2 | 8.1/5.4 | 27.3/12.6 | 25.6/2.4 | 13.3/6.1 | 4 | 3 | 9 | |
| (83%) | (52–77) | (0–5) | (0–22) | (10–72) | (21–29) | (5–26) | (13%) | (10%) | (30%) | ||
| English | HC | 18 | 67.8/8.1 | ‐ | 0.6/1.4 | 0.7/1.1 | 26.5/3.1 | 6.9/5.3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| (n = 90) | (60%) | (52–81) | ‐ | (0–7) | (0–4) | (18–30) | (0–22) | (7%) | (0%) | (0%) | |
| iRBD | 21 | 68.3/6.5 | 2.4/2.5 | 1.6/3.3 | 3.1/3.8 | 26.5/2.9 | 11.1/5.7 | 2 | 3 | 0 | |
| (70%) | (56–81) | (0–9) | (0–18) | (0–15) | (14–30) | (1–25) | (7%) | (10%) | (0%) | ||
| PD | 21 | 69.2/5.5 | 2.4/1.3 | 8.2/5.0 | 19.6/12.3 | 25.7/3.2 | 10.6/5.6 | 0 | 1 | 3 | |
| (70%) | (57–85) | (0–5) | (1–20) | (3–56) | (21–30) | (1–23) | (0%) | (3%) | (10%) | ||
| German | HC | 21 | 69.7/8.3 | ‐ | 0.6/1.2 | 1.0/2.1 | 27.0/2.4 | 7.2/5.5 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| (n = 88) | (72%) | (50–82) | ‐ | (0–5) | (0–10) | (22–30) | (0–24) | (10%) | (7%) | (0%) | |
| iRBD | 25 | 69.4/7.0 | 3.4/3.7 | 1.9/2.8 | 3.7/3.2 | 26.4/3.6 | 12.7/7.9 | 6 | 13 | 0 | |
| (83%) | (58–85) | (0–12) | (0–13) | (0–11) | (15–30) | (0–33) | (20%) | (43%) | (0%) | ||
| PD | 21 | 66.5/7.0 | 1.7/1.6 | 3.3/2.3 | 16.6/7.8 | 28.0/1.7 | 10.2/6.1 | 7 | 4 | 3 | |
| (72%) | (52–79) | (0–5) | (0–9) | (6–41) | (24–30) | (2–26) | (23%) | (13%) | (10%) | ||
| French | HC | 24 | 69.0/6.6 | ‐ | 0.7/1.2 | 2.2/2.6 | 27.7/1.7 | 10.3/8.7 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| (n = 90) | (80%) | (53–80) | ‐ | (0–5) | (0–10) | (23–30) | (1–35) | (10%) | (0%) | (0%) | |
| iRBD | 25 | 68.2/6.9 | 3.0/2.6 | 1.8/2.2 | 4.2/3.6 | 26.3/2.4 | 10.9/5.4 | 8 | 4 | 0 | |
| (83%) | (53–85) | (0–12) | (0–8) | (0–11) | (19–30) | (3–30) | (27%) | (13%) | (0%) | ||
| PD | 23 | 66.0/7.9 | 1.7/1.4 | 7.8/4.9 | 20.8/9.5 | 25.8/3.2 | 13.7/7.8 | 2 | 0 | 5 | |
| (77%) | (52–78) | (0–5) | (2–19) | (8–43) | (16–30) | (1–30) | (7%) | (0%) | (17%) | ||
| Italian | HC | 20 | 70.7/9.7 | ‐ | 0.2/0.5 | 0.3/1.0 | 24.4/2.4 | 2.9/4.8 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| (n = 90) | (67%) | (50–94) | ‐ | (0–2) | (0–4) | (21–30) | (0–18) | (0%) | (7%) | (0%) | |
| iRBD | 23 | 70.9/6.0 | 2.1/3.7 | 0.5/1.3 | 1.9/3.3 | 22.0/4.4 | 7.9/6.8 | 6 | 14 | 0 | |
| (77%) | (54–79) | (0–13) | (0–6) | (0–13) | (12–30) | (0–25) | (20%) | (47%) | (0%) | ||
| PD | 20 | 69.7/8.1 | 2.5/2.0 | 10.5/7.8 | 22.4/14.0 | 22.0/4.0 | 11.6/9.2 | 6 | 7 | 6 | |
| (67%) | (50–83) | (0–5) | (1–33) | (3–46) | (14–29) | (1–32) | (20%) | (23%) | (20%) | ||
| All languages | HC | 108 | 68.3/8.1 | ‐ | 0.6/1.2 | 1.4/2.3 | 26.3/2.6 | 6.8/6.3 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
| (n = 448) | (73%) | (50–94) | ‐ | (0–7) | (0–13) | (18–30) | (0–35) | (5%) | (3%) | (0%) | |
| iRBD | 119 | 68.6/6.6 | 2.3/3.0 | 1.6/3.2 | 3.7/3.8 | 25.2/3.6 | 10.8/7.1 | 32 | 38 | 0 | |
| (79%) | (52–85) | (0–13) | (0–26) | (0–18) | (12–30) | (0–35) | (21%) | (25%) | (0%) | ||
| PD | 110 | 67.4/7.3 | 2.1/1.5 | 7.5/5.7 | 21.4/11.8 | 25.4/3.6 | 11.9/7.1 | 19 | 15 | 26 | |
| (74%) | (50–85) | (0–5) | (0–33) | (3–72) | (14–30) | (1–32) | (13%) | (10%) | (17%) | ||
| All languages | HC | 88 | 68.0/8.1 | ‐ | 0.71/1.3 | 1.6/2.4 | 26.5/2.6 | 7.3/6.4 | 7 | 2 | 0 |
| contributing | (75%) | (50–89) | ‐ | (0–7) | (0–13) | (18–30) | (0–35) | (6%) | (2%) | (0%) | |
| data at | iRBD | 103 | 68.7/6.7 | 2.3/3.0 | 1.8/3.4 | 3.7/3.7 | 25.7/3.1 | 10.8/6.9 | 24 | 30 | 0 |
| 12‐mo | (83%) | (53–85) | (0–13) | (0–26) | (0–18) | (12–30) | (0–35) | (19%) | (24%) | (0%) | |
| follow‐up | PD | 85 | 66.9/7.3 | 2.0/1.4 | 7.1/5.5 | 20.9/11.5 | 25.9/3.0 | 11.5/7.0 | 14 | 11 | 21 |
| (n = 350) | (78%) | (51–85) | (0–5) | (0–33) | (3–72) | (16–30) | (1–32) | (13%) | (10%) | (19%) |
Data are the mean/SD (range) or the number (%).
a
Presence of RBD was diagnosed by videopolysomnography.
HC = healthy controls; iRBD = idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior; MDS‐UPDRS = Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PD = Parkinson disease; SCOPA‐AUT = Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease – Autonomic Dysfunction.