Table 4.
Summary of findings of the outcomes reported in this systematic review and meta-analysis
| Mode of diagnosis of SIBO in IBS/IBD | No of studies | IBS/IBD n | Controls n | SIBO in IBS /IBD patients n | SIBO in Controls n | Prevalence rates of SIBO in IBS/IBD patients, % (95% CI) | Prevalence rates of SIBO in controls, % (95% CI) | Prevalence of SIBO, OR (95% CI) | Assessment of heterogeneity between studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | |||||||||
| All studies | 17 | 1653 | - | 340 | - | 25.0 (18.8–32.4)* | - | P = .825 | I2=86.28, p = .0001 |
| Only high-quality studies (All were case control studies) | 8 | 826 | 493 | 151 | 56 | 18.3 (15.7–21.1) | 11.4 (8.7–14.5) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8), p = .246 | I2=0, p = .744 |
| Case control studies ONLY | 10 | 881 | 713 | 175 | 157 | 19.9 (17.3–22.7) | 22.0 (19.0–25.3) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7), p = .373 P = .124 |
I2=13.7, p = .320 |
| Case control studies including only healthy controls | 9 | 858 | 645 | 162 | 132 | 18.9 (16.2–21.7) | 20.5 (17.4–23.8) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5), p = .704 | I2=3.30, p = .404 |
| Case control studies utilizing LBT | 6 | 482 | 278 | 125 | 59 | 25.9 (22.7–30.1) | 21.2 (16.6–26.5) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3), p = .06 | I2=0, p = .59 |
| Case control studies utilizing GBT | 3 | 367 | 283 | 39 | 22 | 10.6 (7.7–14.2) | 7.8 (4.9–11.5) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0), p = .824 | I2=0, p = .641 |
| IBS subtypes (IBS-C versus IBS-D) | 11 | 509 (IBS-C) |
774 (IBS-D) | 192 (IBS-C) | 96 (IBS-D) | 37.7 (33.5–42.1) | 12.4 (10.2–14.9) | 3.1 (1.7–5.6), p = .0001 P = .314 |
I2=52.23, p = .02 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | |||||||||
| All studies | 7 | 626 | - | 42 | - | 5.6 (2.6–11.8)* | - | - | I2=80.4, p = .0001 |
| Case control studies ONLY | 6 | 558 | 497 | 41 | 117 | 7.4 (5.4–9.8) | 23.5 (19.8–27.5) | 0.5 (0.2–1.3), p = .172- | I2=70.8, p = .004 |
| CD | 2 | 283 | - | 15 | - | 5.3 (3.0–8.5) | - | - | |
| UC | 2 | 99 | - | 20 | - | 20.2 (12.8–29.4) | - | - | - |
| Only high-quality studies (4 case control & 1 cohort study) | 5 | 450 | - | 15 | - | 3.6 (2.2–6.0)* | - | - | I2=0, p = .595 |
IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; IBS-D: IBS-diarrhea; IBS-C: IBS-constipation; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; UC: ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease; SIBO: small intestinal bacterial overgrowth; LBT: lactulose breath test; GBT: glucose breath test; OR: odds ratio; *pooled prevalence rate of SIBO in respective GI conditions calculated utilizing the CMA software, P indicates values from Eggers’s test.