Table 6 –

Association of clinical factors with recurrence-free survival in the preoperative population with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (n = 152) ^a

Factor	N [n deaths]	Univariate		Multivariate
		HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	p value
Age	152	1.54 (0.76–1.98)	0.085
Tumor size	152	1.74 (1.77–3.62)	0.001
Tumor grade
Grade 2 or low	47 [3]	1
Grade >2 or high	71 [13]	3.15 (1.11–6.41)	0.073
Not available	34	–
TNM stage
I or II	98 [4]	1
III or IV	54 [15]	7.74 (2.68–5.08)	<0.001
Nephrectomy type
Partial	111 [5]	1
Radical	41 [14]	8.48 (3.05–23.6)	<0.001	1.23 (0.70–16.7)	0.130
Surgical margins
Negative	149 [18]	1
Positive	3 [2]	2.75 (0.66–11.5)	0.165
Leibovich score	98	3.26 (2.21–5.13)	<0.001	2.25 (1.01–5.02)	0.045
New GAG score	152	1.34 (0.97–1.62)	0.013
6s CS	152	0.78 (0.14–0.91)	0.376
6s/(4s + 6s) CS	152	0.84 (0.34–1.14)	0.489
CStot	152	1.37 (1.11–1.62)	0.003	1.31 (1.00–1.57)	0.054
CS charge	152	0.83 (0.24–0.80)	0.447
${\log }_2\left(\frac{0\text{s}}{\text{Ns}+0\text{s}}\text{HS}\right)$	152	0.67 (0.52–1.22)	0.045

HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; GAG = glycosaminoglycan; RCC = renal cell carcinoma; CS = chondroitin sulfate; HS = heparan sulfate.

^aIn multivariate analysis, patients with missing data for any of the selected covariates were omitted (n = 54). Continuous variables were centered to the mean and scaled to the standard deviation.