Table VIII.
Prevalence, unadjusted, and adjusted odds of recent opioid misuse by category and number of ACEs, adjusting for sociodemographics and lifetime history of nonopioid substance use (n = 10 293), Northeast Ohio Youth Health Survey, 2018
| Opioid misuse in the past 30 d |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| ACEs | Prevalence, % | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) |
| Lifetime misuse of alcohol* | |||
| No | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 3.5 | 6.4 (4.5–9.2) | 1.9 (1.1–3.3) |
| Lifetime misuse of marijuana* | |||
| No | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 6.8 | 8.5 (6.1–11.8) | 1.6 (0.99–2.7) |
| Lifetime misuse of other substances*,† | |||
| No | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 16.8 | 27.2 (19.7–37.6) | 13.6 (9.3–19.8) |
| Emotional abuse‡ | |||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 4.9 | 5.0 (3.9–6.5) | 1.9 (1.5–2.5) |
| Physical abuse‡ | |||
| No | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 6.6 | 5.8 (4.3–7.8) | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) |
| Sexual abuse‡ | |||
| No | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 8.9 | 7.3 (5.4–9.9) | 2.2 (1.7–3.0) |
| Witnessed intimate partner violence‡ | |||
| No | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 7.5 | 5.3 (3.9–7.3) | 1.7 (1.2–2.4) |
| Household substance abuse‡ | |||
| No | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 4.8 | 4.0 (3.1–5.1) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) |
| Mental illness in household‡ | |||
| No | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 4.5 | 4.2 (3.2–5.5) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) |
| Parental separation or divorce‡ | |||
| No | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 2.5 | 1.8 (1.3–2.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) |
| Incarcerated household member‡ | |||
| No | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 4.6 | 3.8 (2.9–5.0) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) |
| Physical neglect‡ | |||
| No | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 9.9 | 6.7 (4.6–9.9) | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) |
| Emotional neglect‡ | |||
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 5.5 | 5.6 (4.1–7.6) | 2.2 (1.6–3.1) |
| Number of ACEs‡ | |||
| 0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1 | 0.9 | 2.0 (0.9–4.3) | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) |
| ≥1 | 2.7 | 5.7 (3.4–9.4) | 2.1 (1.3–3.6) |
| 2 | 2.0 | 4.3 (2.0–9.3) | 2.1 (1.04–4.3) |
| 3 | 2.1 | 4.4 (2.5–7.7) | 1.9 (1.1–3.4) |
| 4 | 3.3 | 7.0 (3.4–14.5) | 2.2 (1.1–4.6) |
| ≥5 | 7.9 | 17.7 (10.2–30.7) | 3.5 (2.1–5.9) |
*
ORs adjusted for sex; race; grade; lifetime misuse of alcohol, marijuana, other substance use; sexual minority status; and exposure to ≥1 ACEs.
†
Self-reported use of synthetic marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy, glue/huffing, prescription muscle relaxers or anxiety medicine without a doctor’s prescription at least once in participant’s lifetime.
‡
ORs adjusted for sex; race; grade; lifetime misuse of alcohol, marijuana, other substance use; and sexual minority status.