TABLE 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with OS and DFS of HCC patients in training cohort
| Variables | OS | DFS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | P‐value | HR (95% CI) | P‐value | HR (95% CI) | P‐value | HR (95% CI) | P‐value | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Male | 1.296 (0.891‐1.884) | .175 | NA | 1.247 (0.858‐1.813) | .247 | NA | ||
| Age (y) | ||||||||
| <60 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| ≥60 | 1.239 (0.849‐1.807) | .266 | NA | 1.277 (0.881‐1.852) | .196 | NA | ||
| HBsAg | ||||||||
| Negative | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Positive | 1.325 (0.814‐2.156) | .257 | NA | 1.441 (0.865‐2.401) | .160 | NA | ||
| Liver cirrhosis | ||||||||
| Absence | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Presence | 1.352 (0.936‐1.953) | .108 | NA | 1.296 (0.899‐1.868) | .166 | NA | ||
| AFP | ||||||||
| <20 μg/L | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| ≥20 μg/L | 1.293 (0.915‐1.826) | .145 | NA | 1.339 (0.947‐1.893) | .099 | NA | ||
| Tumor number | ||||||||
| Solitary | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Multiple | 2.030 (1.443‐2.855) | .000 | 1.982 (1.388‐2.829) | .000 | 1.793 (1.279‐2.514) | .001 | 1.710 (1.198‐2.440) | .003 |
| Tumor size | ||||||||
| ≤5 cm | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| >5 cm | 1.333 (0.955‐1.863) | .091 | NA | 1.283 (0.919‐1.790) | .143 | NA | ||
| Microvascular invasion | ||||||||
| Absence | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Presence | 2.120 (1.509‐2.980) | .000 | 1.733 (1.131‐2.655) | .012 | 2.074 (1.475‐2.915) | .000 | 1.730 (1.130‐2.651) | .012 |
| Macrovascular invasion | ||||||||
| Absence | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Presence | 2.180 (1.450‐3.276) | .000 | 1.651 (0.975‐2.713) | .052 | 2.053 (1.367‐3.082) | .001 | 1.484 (0.901‐2.446) | .121 |
| Capsular formation | ||||||||
| Presence | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| Absence | 1.282 (0.919‐1.789) | .144 | NA | 1.179 (0.845‐1.645) | .332 | NA | ||
| Child‐Pugh | ||||||||
| A | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| B | 1.286 (0.910‐1.818) | .154 | NA | 1.239 (0.875‐1.754) | .227 | NA | ||
| Edmondson‐Steiner grade | ||||||||
| I‐II | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| III‐IV | 1.726 (1.236‐2.411) | .001 | 1.556 (1.086‐2.230) | .016 | 1.794 (1.285‐2.503) | .001 | 1.639 (1.149‐2.338) | .006 |
| TNM stage | ||||||||
| I‐II | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| III‐IV | 1.642 (1.170‐2.305) | .004 | 1.934 (1.318‐2.837) | .001 | 1.664 (1.188‐2.332) | .003 | 1.877 (1.287‐2.740) | .001 |
| BCLC stage | ||||||||
| 0‐A | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| B‐C | 1.584 (1.129‐2.222) | .008 | 1.509 (1.047‐2.175) | .027 | 1.615 (1.151‐2.265) | .006 | 1.518 (1.054‐2.186) | .025 |
| NAXE expression | ||||||||
| Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| High | 0.444 (0.309‐0.637) | .000 | 0.605 (0.395‐0.926) | .021 | 0.466 (0.328‐0.664) | .000 | 0.640 (0.421‐0.971) | .036 |
Abbreviations: AFP, alpha‐fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; CI, confidence interval; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable; TNM, tumor node metastasis.
Significant results (P < .05) are given in bold.