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. 2021 May 24;112(7):2792–2802. doi: 10.1111/cas.14938

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Inhibition of CSC proliferation by PDHX knockdown. A, Tumor sphere formation assay using control (shVector) and PDHX‐inhibited (shPDHX) KYSE850 (left panel) and KYSE170 cells (right panel). Upper panels: representative images of tumor spheres. Scale bars: 200 µm. Lower panels: average size of spheres and the number of spheres larger than 70 µm are indicated as the mean ± SEM. Error bars indicate the SEM. P values were calculated using the two‐sided Student's t test (*P < .0001). B, Expression analysis of PDHX and CD44 mRNA under the sphere condition and two‐dimensional (2D) condition. P values were calculated using the two‐sided Student's t test (*P < .05). C, FACS analysis of CD44v9. Frequency of CD44v9‐positive CSCs in the sphere as the mean ± SD. Error bars indicate the SD. P values were calculated using the two‐sided Student's t test (*P < .0001). D, Immunofluorescence staining of CD44v9 (red) in the sphere. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars: 50 µm