Table 1. Characteristics of the included studies.
| First author, year | Country | Sample size | Intervention group | Follow-up | Control group | Main outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aldamiz-Echevarría et al., 2007 (10) | Spain | 279 | Educational program on basic data of HF and its treatment. | 3, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Aldamiz-Echevarría et al., 2007 (10) | Spain | 279 | Educational program on basic data of HF and its treatment. | 3, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 55 |
| Aldamiz-Echevarría et al., 2007 (10) | Spain | 279 | Educational program on basic data of HF and its treatment. | 3, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 57 |
| Aldamiz-Echevarría et al., 2007 (10) | Spain | 279 | Educational program on basic data of HF and its treatment. | 3, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay+ |
| Aldamiz-Echevarría et al., 2007 (10) | Spain | 279 | Educational program on basic data of HF and its treatment. | 3, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 8.5 (6.4) |
| Aldamiz-Echevarría et al., 2007 (10) | Spain | 279 | Educational program on basic data of HF and its treatment. | 3, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 8.4 (11.6) |
| Atienza et al., 2004 (11) | Spain | 338 | Education before discharge on knowledge of the disease and its management. Home visits. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months Intervention: 61 Control: 122 |
| Atienza et al., 2004 (11) | Spain | 338 | Education before discharge on knowledge of the disease and its management. Home visits. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 61 |
| Atienza et al., 2004 (11) | Spain | 338 | Education before discharge on knowledge of the disease and its management. Home visits. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 122 |
| Blue et al., 2001 (12) | Scotland | 165 | Education through home visits and telecare on knowledge and treatment of HF. Educational brochure. Instruments for self-monitoring. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Blue et al., 2001 (12) | Scotland | 165 | Education through home visits and telecare on knowledge and treatment of HF. Educational brochure. Instruments for self-monitoring. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 12 |
| Blue et al., 2001 (12) | Scotland | 165 | Education through home visits and telecare on knowledge and treatment of HF. Educational brochure. Instruments for self-monitoring. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 26 |
| Blue et al., 2001 (12) | Scotland | 165 | Education through home visits and telecare on knowledge and treatment of HF. Educational brochure. Instruments for self-monitoring. | 12 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay+ |
| Blue et al., 2001 (12) | Scotland | 165 | Education through home visits and telecare on knowledge and treatment of HF. Educational brochure. Instruments for self-monitoring. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 3.43 (12.2) |
| Blue et al., 2001 (12) | Scotland | 165 | Education through home visits and telecare on knowledge and treatment of HF. Educational brochure. Instruments for self-monitoring. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 7.46 (16.6) |
| Boyde et al., 2018 (13) | United States | 200 | Education prior to discharge on HF. Brochure and video. | 1, 3 and 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 3 months |
| Boyde et al., 2018 (13) | United States | 200 | Education prior to discharge on HF. Brochure and video. | 1, 3 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 8 |
| Boyde et al., 2018 (13) | United States | 200 | Education prior to discharge on HF. Brochure and video. | 1, 3 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 10 |
| Boyde et al., 2018 (13) | United States | 200 | Education prior to discharge on HF. Brochure and video. | 1, 3 and 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Boyde et al., 2018 (13) | United States | 200 | Education prior to discharge on HF. Brochure and video. | 1, 3 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 8 |
| Boyde et al., 2018 (13) | United States | 200 | Education prior to discharge on HF. Brochure and video. | 1, 3 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 14 |
| Brian et al., 2009 (14) | United States | 749 | Education on HF. Brochure and telephone follow-up. | 1 month | Standard care | Readmissions* at 1 month |
| Brian et al., 2009 (14) | United States | 749 | Education on HF. Brochure and telephone follow-up. | 1 month | Standard care | Intervention: 55 |
| Brian et al., 2009 (14) | United States | 749 | Education on HF. Brochure and telephone follow-up. | 1 month | Standard care | Control:76 |
| Brotons et al., 2009 (15) | Spain | 283 | Pre-discharge education on HF with brochure. Home visits for one year. Phone follow-up every 15 days. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Brotons et al., 2009 (15) | Spain | 283 | Pre-discharge education on HF with brochure. Home visits for one year. Phone follow-up every 15 days. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 52 |
| Brotons et al., 2009 (15) | Spain | 283 | Pre-discharge education on HF with brochure. Home visits for one year. Phone follow-up every 15 days. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 62 |
| Cañon-Montañez et al., 2013 (16) | Colombia | 116 | Education on HF and its management. Face to face and phone education. | 1 and 2 months | Standard care (phone call) | Readmissions* at 2 months |
| Cañon-Montañez et al., 2013 (16) | Colombia | 116 | Education on HF and its management. Face to face and phone education. | 1 and 2 months | Standard care (phone call) | Intervention: 11 |
| Cañon-Montañez et al., 2013 (16) | Colombia | 116 | Education on HF and its management. Face to face and phone education. | 1 and 2 months | Standard care (phone call) | Control: 5 |
| Cañon-Montañez et al., 2013 (16) | Colombia | 116 | Education on HF and its management. Face to face and phone education. | 1 and 2 months | Standard care (phone call) | Days of hospital stay at 2 months |
| Cañon-Montañez et al., 2013 (16) | Colombia | 116 | Education on HF and its management. Face to face and phone education. | 1 and 2 months | Standard care (phone call) | Intervention: 6.27 (5.93) |
| Cañon-Montañez et al., 2013 (16) | Colombia | 116 | Education on HF and its management. Face to face and phone education. | 1 and 2 months | Standard care (phone call) | Control: 11 (11) |
| Cui et al., 2019 (17) | China | 96 | Structured education in HF for one hour upon admission, and one hour before discharge. Phone or face-to-face consultation every 4 weeks. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Cui et al., 2019 (17) | China | 96 | Structured education in HF for one hour upon admission, and one hour before discharge. Phone or face-to-face consultation every 4 weeks. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 5 |
| Cui et al., 2019 (17) | China | 96 | Structured education in HF for one hour upon admission, and one hour before discharge. Phone or face-to-face consultation every 4 weeks. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 13 |
| Davis et al., 2012 (18) | United States | 125 | Education during hospitalization. Phone call after discharge. Video with recorded sessions. Supplies to aid self-care. | 1 month | Standard care | Readmissions* at 1 month |
| Davis et al., 2012 (18) | United States | 125 | Education during hospitalization. Phone call after discharge. Video with recorded sessions. Supplies to aid self-care. | 1 month | Standard care | Intervention: 14 |
| Davis et al., 2012 (18) | United States | 125 | Education during hospitalization. Phone call after discharge. Video with recorded sessions. Supplies to aid self-care. | 1 month | Standard care | Control: 12 |
| De Souza et al., 2014 (19) | Brazil | 252 | Home visits to educate on HF. Phone calls to reinforce education. | 6 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 months |
| De Souza et al., 2014 (19) | Brazil | 252 | Home visits to educate on HF. Phone calls to reinforce education. | 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 20 |
| De Souza et al., 2014 (19) | Brazil | 252 | Home visits to educate on HF. Phone calls to reinforce education. | 6 months | Standard care | Control: 30 |
| DeBusk et al., 2004 (20) | United States | 462 | Education with a videotape. Telephone counseling and printed educational materials. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| DeBusk et al., 2004 (20) | United States | 462 | Education with a videotape. Telephone counseling and printed educational materials. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 76 |
| DeBusk et al., 2004 (20) | United States | 462 | Education with a videotape. Telephone counseling and printed educational materials. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 86 |
| Delaney et al., 2013 (21) | United States | 100 | Telemonitoring. Brochure with information on HF and its management. | 3 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 3 months |
| Delaney et al., 2013 (21) | United States | 100 | Telemonitoring. Brochure with information on HF and its management. | 3 months | Standard care | Intervention: 3 |
| Delaney et al., 2013 (21) | United States | 100 | Telemonitoring. Brochure with information on HF and its management. | 3 months | Standard care | Control: 7 |
| Dewalt et al., 2006 (22) | United States | 127 | Education on HF and warning signs. Phone calls for reinforcement of the education. Educational brochure. | 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Dewalt et al., 2006 (22) | United States | 127 | Education on HF and warning signs. Phone calls for reinforcement of the education. Educational brochure. | 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 18 |
| Dewalt et al., 2006 (22) | United States | 127 | Education on HF and warning signs. Phone calls for reinforcement of the education. Educational brochure. | 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 20 |
| Domingues et al., 2011 (23) | Brazil | 120 | Phone calls after hospital discharge to educate and evaluate signs of decompensation of HF. | 3 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 3 months |
| Domingues et al., 2011 (23) | Brazil | 120 | Phone calls after hospital discharge to educate and evaluate signs of decompensation of HF. | 3 months | Standard care | Intervention: 20 |
| Domingues et al., 2011 (23) | Brazil | 120 | Phone calls after hospital discharge to educate and evaluate signs of decompensation of HF. | 3 months | Standard care | Control: 23 |
| Domingues et al., 2011 (23) | Brazil | 120 | Phone calls after hospital discharge to educate and evaluate signs of decompensation of HF. | 3 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Domingues et al., 2011 (23) | Brazil | 120 | Phone calls after hospital discharge to educate and evaluate signs of decompensation of HF. | 3 months | Standard care | Intervention: 22 |
| Domingues et al., 2011 (23) | Brazil | 120 | Phone calls after hospital discharge to educate and evaluate signs of decompensation of HF. | 3 months | Standard care | Control: 42 |
| Domingues et al., 2011 (23) | Brazil | 120 | Phone calls after hospital discharge to educate and evaluate signs of decompensation of HF. | 3 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at 12 months+ |
| Domingues et al., 2011 (23) | Brazil | 120 | Phone calls after hospital discharge to educate and evaluate signs of decompensation of HF. | 3 months | Standard care | Intervention: 4.1 (6.4) |
| Domingues et al., 2011 (23) | Brazil | 120 | Phone calls after hospital discharge to educate and evaluate signs of decompensation of HF. | 3 months | Standard care | Control: 7.6 (12.1) |
| Doughty et al., 2002 (24) | New Zealand | 197 | Educational brochure on HF and its management. Home visits. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Doughty et al., 2002 (24)- | New Zealand | 197 | Educational brochure on HF and its management. Home visits. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 36 |
| Doughty et al., 2002 (24) | New Zealand | 197 | Educational brochure on HF and its management. Home visits. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 65 |
| Dracup et al., 2014 (25) | United States | 614 | Face-to-face education session delivered by a nurse focusing on self-care. Phone calls. | 3, 12 and 24 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 24 months |
| Dracup et al., 2014 (25) | United States | 614 | Face-to-face education session delivered by a nurse focusing on self-care. Phone calls. | 3, 12 and 24 months | Standard care | Intervention: 63 |
| Dracup et al., 2014 (25) | United States | 614 | Face-to-face education session delivered by a nurse focusing on self-care. Phone calls. | 3, 12 and 24 months | Standard care | Control: 64 |
| Ducharme et al., 2005 (26) | Canada | 230 | Visits to the HF clinic to provide education in the management of the disease. Phone calls every month. Educational brochure. | 6 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 months |
| Ducharme et al., 2005 (26) | Canada | 230 | Visits to the HF clinic to provide education in the management of the disease. Phone calls every month. Educational brochure. | 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 45 |
| Ducharme et al., 2005 (26) | Canada | 230 | Visits to the HF clinic to provide education in the management of the disease. Phone calls every month. Educational brochure. | 6 months | Standard care | Control: 66 |
| Gámez-López et al., 2012 (27) | Spain | 208 | Follow-up in the HF clinic after discharge. Phone call after discharge to reinforce education. Home visit. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Gámez-López et al., 2012 (27) | Spain | 208 | Follow-up in the HF clinic after discharge. Phone call after discharge to reinforce education. Home visit. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 11 |
| Gámez-López et al., 2012 (27) | Spain | 208 | Follow-up in the HF clinic after discharge. Phone call after discharge to reinforce education. Home visit. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 14 |
| Gámez-López et al., 2012 (27) | Spain | 208 | Follow-up in the HF clinic after discharge. Phone call after discharge to reinforce education. Home visit. | 12 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at 12 months+ |
| Gámez-López et al., 2012 (27) | Spain | 208 | Follow-up in the HF clinic after discharge. Phone call after discharge to reinforce education. Home visit. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 6.7 (13.5) |
| Gámez-López et al., 2012 (27) | Spain | 208 | Follow-up in the HF clinic after discharge. Phone call after discharge to reinforce education. Home visit. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 10.7 (22.2) |
| González-Guerrero et al., 2014 (28) | Spain | 116 | Flyer with information about the disease. Follow-up call within 48 hours. Reinforcement of education after 10 days. Visits to the geriatric center to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| González-Guerrero et al., 2014 (28) | Spain | 116 | Flyer with information about the disease. Follow-up call within 48 hours. Reinforcement of education after 10 days. Visits to the geriatric center to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 14 |
| González-Guerrero et al., 2014 (28) | Spain | 116 | Flyer with information about the disease. Follow-up call within 48 hours. Reinforcement of education after 10 days. Visits to the geriatric center to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 18 |
| González-Guerrero et al., 2014 (28) | Spain | 116 | Flyer with information about the disease. Follow-up call within 48 hours. Reinforcement of education after 10 days. Visits to the geriatric center to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at 12 months+ |
| González-Guerrero et al., 2014 (28) | Spain | 116 | Flyer with information about the disease. Follow-up call within 48 hours. Reinforcement of education after 10 days. Visits to the geriatric center to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 16.8 (18.2) |
| González-Guerrero et al., 2014 (28) | Spain | 116 | Flyer with information about the disease. Follow-up call within 48 hours. Reinforcement of education after 10 days. Visits to the geriatric center to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 20.6 (23.5) |
| Hägglund et al., 2015 (29) | Sweden | 72 | Educational sessions at home through a tablet about HF and its management. | 3 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 3 months |
| Hägglund et al., 2015 (29) | Sweden | 72 | Educational sessions at home through a tablet about HF and its management. | 3 months | Standard care | Intervention: 7 |
| Hägglund et al., 2015 (29) | Sweden | 72 | Educational sessions at home through a tablet about HF and its management. | 3 months | Standard care | Control: 11 |
| Holland et al., 2007 (30) | United Kingdom | 399 | Home visit after discharge to educate on HF and its management. Follow-up visit to reinforce education. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 3 months |
| Holland et al., 2007 (30) | United Kingdom | 399 | Home visit after discharge to educate on HF and its management. Follow-up visit to reinforce education. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 12 |
| Holland et al., 2007 (30) | United Kingdom | 399 | Home visit after discharge to educate on HF and its management. Follow-up visit to reinforce education. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Control: 9 |
| Holland et al., 2007 (30) | United Kingdom | 399 | Home visit after discharge to educate on HF and its management. Follow-up visit to reinforce education. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 months |
| Holland et al., 2007 (30) | United Kingdom | 399 | Home visit after discharge to educate on HF and its management. Follow-up visit to reinforce education. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 1 |
| Holland et al., 2007 (30) | United Kingdom | 399 | Home visit after discharge to educate on HF and its management. Follow-up visit to reinforce education. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Control: 1 |
| Jaarsma et al., 1999 (31) | Netherlands | 174 | Education about HF, treatment and management during hospitalization. Phone call and home visit. | 1, 3 and 9 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 3 months |
| Jaarsma et al., 1999 (31) | Netherlands | 174 | Education about HF, treatment and management during hospitalization. Phone call and home visit. | 1, 3 and 9 months | Standard care | Intervention: 18 |
| Jaarsma et al., 1999 (31) | Netherlands | 174 | Education about HF, treatment and management during hospitalization. Phone call and home visit. | 1, 3 and 9 months | Standard care | Control: 23 |
| Jaarsma et al., 1999 (31) | Netherlands | 174 | Education about HF, treatment and management during hospitalization. Phone call and home visit. | 1, 3 and 9 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at 3 months+ |
| Jaarsma et al., 1999 (31) | Netherlands | 174 | Education about HF, treatment and management during hospitalization. Phone call and home visit. | 1, 3 and 9 months | Standard care | Intervention: 3 (7) |
| Jaarsma et al., 1999 (31) | Netherlands | 174 | Education about HF, treatment and management during hospitalization. Phone call and home visit. | 1, 3 and 9 months | Standard care | Control: 4.1 (10) |
| Jaarsma et al., 2011 (32) | Netherlands | 1049 | Home visit after discharge and every 6 months to receive education on HF. Additional home visits (basic group). Monthly contact with the nurse, additional visits and telephone follow-up (intensive group). | 18 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 18 months |
| Jaarsma et al., 2011 (32) | Netherlands | 1049 | Home visit after discharge and every 6 months to receive education on HF. Additional home visits (basic group). Monthly contact with the nurse, additional visits and telephone follow-up (intensive group). | 18 months | Standard care | Intervention: 134 |
| Jaarsma et al., 2011 (32) | Netherlands | 1049 | Home visit after discharge and every 6 months to receive education on HF. Additional home visits (basic group). Monthly contact with the nurse, additional visits and telephone follow-up (intensive group). | 18 months | Standard care | Control: 120 |
| Jerant et al., 2001 (33) | United States | 37 | Two home visits after discharge. Phone calls. Telecare. | 6 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 months |
| Jerant et al., 2001 (33) | United States | 37 | Two home visits after discharge. Phone calls. Telecare. | 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 1 |
| Jerant et al., 2001 (33) | United States | 37 | Two home visits after discharge. Phone calls. Telecare. | 6 months | Standard care | Control: 4 |
| Kato et al., 2016 (34) | Japan | 38 | Education and advice on knowledge about HF and self-care. | 24 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 24 months |
| Kato et al., 2016 (34) | Japan | 38 | Education and advice on knowledge about HF and self-care. | 24 months | Standard care | Intervention: 2 |
| Kato et al., 2016 (34) | Japan | 38 | Education and advice on knowledge about HF and self-care. | 24 months | Standard care | Control: 7 |
| Kimmelstiel et al., 2004 (35) | United States | 200 | Home visit. Manual with information on HF. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 3 months |
| Kimmelstiel et al., 2004 (35) | United States | 200 | Home visit. Manual with information on HF. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 15 |
| Kimmelstiel et al., 2004 (35) | United States | 200 | Home visit. Manual with information on HF. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Control: 24 |
| Kimmelstiel et al., 2004 (35) | United States | 200 | Home visit. Manual with information on HF. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at months+ |
| Kimmelstiel et al., 2004 (35) | United States | 200 | Home visit. Manual with information on HF. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 4.3 (10.2) |
| Kimmelstiel et al., 2004 (35) | United States | 200 | Home visit. Manual with information on HF. | 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Control: 7.8 (19.7) |
| Koelling et al., 2005 (36) | United States | 223 | Education prior to discharge on the management of HF. Information brochure. Application of self-care questionnaires. | 1, 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 months |
| Koelling et al., 2005 (36) | United States | 223 | Education prior to discharge on the management of HF. Information brochure. Application of self-care questionnaires. | 1, 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 16 |
| Koelling et al., 2005 (36) | United States | 223 | Education prior to discharge on the management of HF. Information brochure. Application of self-care questionnaires. | 1, 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Control: 33 |
| Koelling et al., 2005 (36) | United States | 223 | Education prior to discharge on the management of HF. Information brochure. Application of self-care questionnaires. | 1, 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at 6 months+ |
| Koelling et al., 2005 (36) | United States | 223 | Education prior to discharge on the management of HF. Information brochure. Application of self-care questionnaires. | 1, 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 13.1 (36) |
| Koelling et al., 2005 (36) | United States | 223 | Education prior to discharge on the management of HF. Information brochure. Application of self-care questionnaires. | 1, 3 and 6 months | Standard care | Control: 17.1 (37) |
| Krumholz et al., 2002 (37) | United States | 88 | Sequential education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits. Telemonitoring to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Krumholz et al., 2002 (37) | United States | 88 | Sequential education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits. Telemonitoring to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 22 |
| Krumholz et al., 2002 (37) | United States | 88 | Sequential education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits. Telemonitoring to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 42 |
| Krumholz et al., 2002 (37) | United States | 88 | Sequential education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits. Telemonitoring to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at 12 months+ |
| Krumholz et al., 2002 (37) | United States | 88 | Sequential education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits. Telemonitoring to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 4.1 (6.4) |
| Krumholz et al., 2002 (37) | United States | 88 | Sequential education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits. Telemonitoring to reinforce education. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 7.6 (12.1) |
| Leventhal et al., 2011 (38) | Switzerland | 42 | Home visit to provide HF education. Phone calls to reinforce education. Educational kit with self-care procedures. | 3, 6, 9 and 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Leventhal et al., 2011 (38) | Switzerland | 42 | Home visit to provide HF education. Phone calls to reinforce education. Educational kit with self-care procedures. | 3, 6, 9 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 1 |
| Leventhal et al., 2011 (38) | Switzerland | 42 | Home visit to provide HF education. Phone calls to reinforce education. Educational kit with self-care procedures. | 3, 6, 9 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 2 |
| Mau et al., 2017 (39) | United States | 150 | Educational modules on HF and its treatment. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Mau et al., 2017 (39) | United States | 150 | Educational modules on HF and its treatment. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 5 |
| Mau et al., 2017 (39) | United States | 150 | Educational modules on HF and its treatment. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 18 |
| Melin et al., 2018 (40) | Sweden | 72 | Education of self-care practices and management of HF. | 6 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 months |
| Melin et al., 2018 (40) | Sweden | 72 | Education of self-care practices and management of HF. | 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 14 |
| Melin et al., 2018 (40) | Sweden | 72 | Education of self-care practices and management of HF. | 6 months | Standard care | Control: 16 |
| Naylor et al., 2004 (41) | United States | 239 | Daily education during the hospitalization period. Home visits to reinforce education about HF and its management. | 3, 6 and 12 months - 2, 6, 12, 26, 52 weeks | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Naylor et al., 2004 (41) | United States | 239 | Daily education during the hospitalization period. Home visits to reinforce education about HF and its management. | 3, 6 and 12 months - 2, 6, 12, 26, 52 weeks | Standard care | Intervention: 40 |
| Naylor et al., 2004 (41) | United States | 239 | Daily education during the hospitalization period. Home visits to reinforce education about HF and its management. | 3, 6 and 12 months - 2, 6, 12, 26, 52 weeks | Standard care | Control: 72 |
| Naylor et al., 2004 (41) | United States | 239 | Daily education during the hospitalization period. Home visits to reinforce education about HF and its management. | 3, 6 and 12 months - 2, 6, 12, 26, 52 weeks | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at 12 months+ |
| Naylor et al., 2004 (41) | United States | 239 | Daily education during the hospitalization period. Home visits to reinforce education about HF and its management. | 3, 6 and 12 months - 2, 6, 12, 26, 52 weeks | Standard care | Intervention: 11.1 (7.2) |
| Naylor et al., 2004 (41) | United States | 239 | Daily education during the hospitalization period. Home visits to reinforce education about HF and its management. | 3, 6 and 12 months - 2, 6, 12, 26, 52 weeks | Standard care | Control: 14.5 (13.4) |
| Negarandeh et al., 2019 (42) | Iran | 80 | Telemonitoring with HF education. | 1 and 3 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 3 months |
| Negarandeh et al., 2019 (42) | Iran | 80 | Telemonitoring with HF education. | 1 and 3 months | Standard care | Intervention: 7 |
| Negarandeh et al., 2019 (42) | Iran | 80 | Telemonitoring with HF education. | 1 and 3 months | Standard care | Control: 14 |
| Otsu et al., 2011 (43) | Japan | 102 | Educational program in HF clinic about the disease and its management. | 3, 6, 9 and 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 months |
| Otsu et al., 2011 (43) | Japan | 102 | Educational program in HF clinic about the disease and its management. | 3, 6, 9 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 1 |
| Otsu et al., 2011 (43) | Japan | 102 | Educational program in HF clinic about the disease and its management. | 3, 6, 9 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 1 |
| Ramachandran et al., 2007 (44) | India | 50 | Education on HF, management and treatment. Reinforcement of education by phone calls. Patient education manual. Follow-up in the HF clinic. | 6 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 months |
| Ramachandran et al., 2007 (44) | India | 50 | Education on HF, management and treatment. Reinforcement of education by phone calls. Patient education manual. Follow-up in the HF clinic. | 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 6 |
| Ramachandran et al., 2007 (44) | India | 50 | Education on HF, management and treatment. Reinforcement of education by phone calls. Patient education manual. Follow-up in the HF clinic. | 6 months | Standard care | Control: 4 |
| Rodríguez-Gázquez et al., 2012 (45) | Colombia | 63 | Educational program in nursing (educational meetings, home visits, telenursing and a printed book) in the improvement of self-care behaviors. | 9 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 9 months |
| Rodríguez-Gázquez et al., 2012 (45) | Colombia | 63 | Educational program in nursing (educational meetings, home visits, telenursing and a printed book) in the improvement of self-care behaviors. | 9 months | Standard care | Intervention: 30 |
| Rodríguez-Gázquez et al., 2012 (45) | Colombia | 63 | Educational program in nursing (educational meetings, home visits, telenursing and a printed book) in the improvement of self-care behaviors. | 9 months | Standard care | Control: 24 |
| Ruschel et al., 2018 (46) | Brazil | 252 | Home visits and phone calls. Education on HF and self-care practices. | 6 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 months |
| Ruschel et al., 2018 (46) | Brazil | 252 | Home visits and phone calls. Education on HF and self-care practices. | 6 months | Standard care | Intervention: 30 |
| Ruschel et al., 2018 (46) | Brazil | 252 | Home visits and phone calls. Education on HF and self-care practices. | 6 months | Standard care | Control: 30 |
| Sethares et al., 2004 (47) | United States | 70 | Education about HF during hospitalization. Reinforcement education after discharge. | 3 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 3 months |
| Sethares et al., 2004 (47) | United States | 70 | Education about HF during hospitalization. Reinforcement education after discharge. | 3 months | Standard care | Intervention: 6 |
| Sethares et al., 2004 (47) | United States | 70 | Education about HF during hospitalization. Reinforcement education after discharge. | 3 months | Standard care | Control: 12 |
| Stewart et al., 2015 (48) | Australia and New Zealand | 624 | Home visit after discharge. Education on HF and its management. Personalized care plan. | 1 and 36 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 36 months |
| Stewart et al., 2015 (48) | Australia and New Zealand | 624 | Home visit after discharge. Education on HF and its management. Personalized care plan. | 1 and 36 months | Standard care | Intervention: 17 |
| Stewart et al., 2015 (48) | Australia and New Zealand | 624 | Home visit after discharge. Education on HF and its management. Personalized care plan. | 1 and 36 months | Standard care | Control: 17 |
| Tomita et al., 2009 (49) | United States | 40 | Information online about HF and its management. | 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at 6 months+ |
| Tomita et al., 2009 (49) | United States | 40 | Information online about HF and its management. | 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 1 (2.45) |
| Tomita et al., 2009 (49) | United States | 40 | Information online about HF and its management. | 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 0.84 (1.89) |
| Tomita et al., 2009 (49) | United States | 40 | Information online about HF and its management. | 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at 12 months+ |
| Tomita et al., 2009 (49) | United States | 40 | Information online about HF and its management. | 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 1.23 (2.55) |
| Tomita et al., 2009 (49) | United States | 40 | Information online about HF and its management. | 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 2.42 (5.07) |
| Tsuchihashi‐Makaya et al., 2013 (50) | Japan | 164 | Pre-discharge education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits once a week for two months. Monthly telephone follow-up for six months. | 2, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 months |
| Tsuchihashi‐Makaya et al., 2013 (50) | Japan | 164 | Pre-discharge education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits once a week for two months. Monthly telephone follow-up for six months. | 2, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 6 |
| Tsuchihashi‐Makaya et al., 2013 (50) | Japan | 164 | Pre-discharge education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits once a week for two months. Monthly telephone follow-up for six months. | 2, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 15 |
| Tsuchihashi‐Makaya et al., 2013 (50) | Japan | 164 | Pre-discharge education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits once a week for two months. Monthly telephone follow-up for six months. | 2, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Tsuchihashi‐Makaya et al., 2013 (50) | Japan | 164 | Pre-discharge education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits once a week for two months. Monthly telephone follow-up for six months. | 2, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 6 |
| Tsuchihashi‐Makaya et al., 2013 (50) | Japan | 164 | Pre-discharge education on HF and its management. Educational brochure. Home visits once a week for two months. Monthly telephone follow-up for six months. | 2, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 9 |
| Wakefield et al., 2008 (51) | United States | 148 | Follow-up after discharge. Phone calls to provide HF education. | 3, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Wakefield et al., 2008 (51) | United States | 148 | Follow-up after discharge. Phone calls to provide HF education. | 3, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 21 |
| Wakefield et al., 2008 (51) | United States | 148 | Follow-up after discharge. Phone calls to provide HF education. | 3, 6 and 12 months | Standard care | Control: 29 |
| Wierzchowiecki et al., 2006 (52) | Poland | 160 | Education and follow-up in the HF clinic. Phone calls for educational reinforcement. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Wierzchowiecki et al., 2006 (52) | Poland | 160 | Education and follow-up in the HF clinic. Phone calls for educational reinforcement. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 13 |
| Wierzchowiecki et al., 2006 (52) | Poland | 160 | Education and follow-up in the HF clinic. Phone calls for educational reinforcement. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 25 |
| Wright et al., 2003 (53) | New Zealand | 197 | Clinical review after discharge. Home visits every 6 weeks to educate on HF, treatment and management. | 12 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 12 months |
| Wright et al., 2003 (53) | New Zealand | 197 | Clinical review after discharge. Home visits every 6 weeks to educate on HF, treatment and management. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 46 |
| Wright et al., 2003 (53) | New Zealand | 197 | Clinical review after discharge. Home visits every 6 weeks to educate on HF, treatment and management. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 18 |
| Wright et al., 2003 (53) | New Zealand | 197 | Clinical review after discharge. Home visits every 6 weeks to educate on HF, treatment and management. | 12 months | Standard care | Days of hospital stay at 12 months+ |
| Wright et al., 2003 (53) | New Zealand | 197 | Clinical review after discharge. Home visits every 6 weeks to educate on HF, treatment and management. | 12 months | Standard care | Intervention: 9.4 (13.6) |
| Wright et al., 2003 (53) | New Zealand | 197 | Clinical review after discharge. Home visits every 6 weeks to educate on HF, treatment and management. | 12 months | Standard care | Control: 14.9 (18.8) |
| Yu et al., 2015 (54) | China | 178 | Education before discharge about HF. Home visits and phone calls for educational reinforcement. | 6 weeks, 3 and 9 months | Standard care | Readmissions* at 6 weeks - 3 months - 9 months |
| Yu et al., 2015 (54) | China | 178 | Education before discharge about HF. Home visits and phone calls for educational reinforcement. | 6 weeks, 3 and 9 months | Standard care | Intervention: 7 - 12 - 6 |
| Yu et al., 2015 (54) | China | 178 | Education before discharge about HF. Home visits and phone calls for educational reinforcement. | 6 weeks, 3 and 9 months | Standard care | Control: 10 - 7 - 3 |
HF: heart failure; * Data presented as number of patients readmitted due to decompensation of HF; + Data presented as mean (standard deviation).