Figure 2.

Autophagy, pyroptosis, and some classic signaling pathway. (1) Autophagy is under control of mTOR signaling and PINK1-parkin signaling. SESN2 signaling pathway upregulates autophagy through inhibiting mTOR or other mechanisms. Research indicate these signaling pathways have further impact on pyroptosis level. (2) STING senses DNA derived from damaged organelles or pathogens and get activated, which induces both pyroptosis and autophagy. Autophagy in turn negatively modulates STING activity and restricts overactivated pyroptosis.