Table 3.
Severity of postoperative complications according to the Clavien–Dindo classification
| Outcomes | Overall [n = 27] | Whipple/PPPD [n = 14] | Total pancreatectomy [n = 13] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall [n = 14] | Whipple/PPPD only [n = 9] | Whipple/PPPD plus distal pancreatectomy [n = 5] | |||
| Clavien–Dindo grade | |||||
| I | 4 (15) | 2 (14) | 2 (22) | 0 (0) | 2 (15) |
| II | 6 (22) | 1 (7) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | 5 (29) |
| IIIA | 6 (22) | 5 (36) | 2 (22) | 3 (60) | 1 (8) |
| IIIB | 1 (4) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 1 (20) | 0 (0) |
| IVA | 7 (26) | 4 (29) | 3 (33) | 1 (20) | 3 (23) |
| IVB | 2 (7) | 1 (7) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) |
| V | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) |
| Clavien–Dindo grade III or higher complications | 17 (63) | 11 (79) | 6 (67) | 5 (100) | 6 (46) |
| Multiple Clavien–Dindo grade III or higher complications | 13 (48) | 9 (64) | 4 (44) | 5 (100) | 4 (31) |
| Clavien–Dindo grade III | 7 (26) | 6 (43) | 2 (22) | 4 (80) | 1 (8) |
| Clavien–Dindo grade III specified | POPF (1) | POPF (1) | DGE (1) | ||
| POPF + anastomotic leakage (1) | POPF + anastomotic leakage (1) | ||||
| POPF + DGE (1) | POPF + DGE (1) | ||||
| POPF + bile leakage (1) | POPF + bile leakage (1) | ||||
| POPF + PPH + abdominal abscess + wound infection/abscess (1) | POPF + PPH + abdominal abscess + wound infection/abscess (1) | ||||
| Chyle leakage (1) | DGE (1) | ||||
| DGE (1) | |||||
| Clavien–Dindo grade IV | 9 (33) | 5 (36) | 4 (44) | 1 (20) | 4 (31) |
| Clavien–Dindo grade IV specified |
PPH (4) Respiratory insufficiency (2) Cardiac tamponade (1) Esophageal perforation + PPH (1) POPF + PPH (1) |
PPH (2) Respiratory insufficiency (2) POPF + PPH (1) |
PPH (2) Cardiac tamponade (1) Esophageal perforation + PPH (1) |
||
| Clavien–Dindo grade V | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) |
| CCI (median [range]) | 47.8 [8.7–100] | 50.6 [8.7–95.3] | 35.7 [8.7–95.3] | 54.8 [47.8–69.2] | 32.0 [12.2–100] |
| CCI | |||||
| 0–19 | 5 (19) | 2 (14) | 2 (22) | 0 (0) | 3 (23) |
| 20–39 | 7 (26) | 3 (21) | 3 (33) | 0 (0) | 4 (31) |
| 40–59 | 7 (26) | 5 (36) | 1 (11) | 4 (80) | 2 (15) |
| 60–79 | 5 (19) | 3 (21) | 2 (22) | 1 (20) | 2 (15) |
| ≥ 80 | 3 (11) | 1 (7) | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | 2 (15) |
Data are expressed as n (%) unless otherwise specified
CCI Cumulative Complication Index, DGE delayed gastric emptying, POPF postoperative pancreatic fistula, PPH post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage, PPPD pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy