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. 2021 Jul 2;12:4082. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24382-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a FTIR spectra and assignments of PAA, betaine, and dried PAA/betaine. b ¹H NMR spectra of PAA, betaine, and PAA/betaine in D₂O. The total solute concentrations are all 0.1 M. c pH values of 0.1 M PAA/betaine solutions with different AA:betaine molar ratios. d Iso-strain–stress relaxation curves at different temperatures. The inset is the corresponding fitted result according to Arrhenius equation. e Temperature-variable FTIR spectra of PAA/betaine elastomer upon heating from 20 to 70 °C in the regions of v(C = O) and v(C–N) (interval: 5 °C). f 2DCOS synchronous and asynchronous spectra generated from (e). In 2DCOS spectra, the warm colors (red and yellow) represent positive intensities, while cold colors (blue) represent negative intensities.