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. 2021 Jul 2;12:4100. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-24353-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Illustration of αKG and O₂-dependent mdC-oxidation to hmdC and further on to fdC and cadC by Tet enzymes, with hmdC being the main oxidation product. FdC and cadC can be finally replaced by unmodified dC. b Western blots against Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3 in nuclear lysate of mESCs compared to murine brain. c MALDI-TOF MS spectra (n = 3 independent experiments, spectra show mean) of a single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide containing mdC (blue and Na⁺ peak in gray) that is oxidized to hmdC, fdC, and cadC (magenta) by GFP-Tet1cd or GFP-Tet3cd in the presence of increasing αKG concentrations. A.U. arbitrary units, m/z mass to charge ratio. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.