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. 2021 Jul 2;11:13715. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-93102-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of the genes involved in the regulation of proliferation, adhesion and invasion in the porcine trophoblast is stimulated by the prokineticin 1 (PROK1). The effect of PROK1 on the expression of genes involved mainly in the regulation of proliferation, adhesion and invasion in the porcine trophoblast cells on days 15 and 20 of pregnancy in vitro: (A) biglycan (BGN); (B) cadherin 1 (CDH1); (C) fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9); (D) insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1); (E) matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9); (F) mucin 4 (MUC4); (G) secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1); (H) transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFB3); (I) Wnt family member 4 (WNT4); (J) Wnt family member 5A (WNT5A), and (K) Wnt family member 7A (WNT7A). Primary trophoblast cells were incubated with the control (vehicle) or PROK1 (40 nM) for 24 h in the presence/absence of a PROKR1 antagonist (PC7; 1 µM). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of the fold change versus control. Different letters (a–b) indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Means sharing at least one the same letter indicate no significant difference.