Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants (N = 703)
| Characteristics | Total (n = 703) |
HF Group (n = 353) |
TAU Group (n = 350) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, No. (%) | 0.10 | |||
| Men | 580 (82.5) | 283 (80.2) | 297 (84.9) | |
| Women | 123 (17.5) | 70 (19.8) | 53 (15.1) | |
| Age mean (SD), y | 38.7 (10.0) | 38.1 (9.7) | 39.4 (10.3) | 0.09 |
| Education, No. (%) | 0.52 | |||
| Less than high school (<bac) | 490 (73.0) | 249 (71.9) | 241 (74.1) | |
| Completed or postsecondary school | 181 (27) | 97 (28.0) | 84 (25.8) | |
| Housing status, No. (%) | 0.04 | |||
| Precariously housed | 238 (34.0) | 107 (30.3) | 131 (37.6) | |
| Absolutely homeless | 463 (66.0) | 246 (69.7) | 217 (62.3) | |
| Lifetime duration of homelessness, Median (IQR), months | 72.0 (33–144) | 72 (24–144) | 72 (30–144) | 0.99 |
| Mental disorder, No. (%) | 0.81 | |||
| Schizophrenia | 487 (69.3) | 243 (68.8) | 244 (69.7) | |
| Bipolar | 216 (30.7) | 110 (31.1) | 106 (30.2) | |
| CGI Score mean (SD) | 4.6 (1.3) | 4.6 (1.3) | 4.6 (1.2) | 0.64 |
| MCAS score mean (SD) | 51.1 (7.2) | 51.2 (7.5) | 51 (7.0) | 0.20 |
| PCS SF-36 score mean (SD) | 50.1 (11.6) | 50.3 (10.7) | 50.2 (12.0) | 0.610 |
| MCS SF-36 score mean (SD) | 34.6 (10.0) | 34.8 (9.8) | 34.4 (10.2) | 0.497 |
| Violent victimization, No. (%) | 225 (33.3) | 116 (33.2) | 109 (33.4) | 0.957 |
| Nonviolent victimization, No. (%) | 356 (52.7) | 190 (54.4) | 166 (50.9) | 0.360 |
| Hospitalization, No. (%) | 408 (60.8) | 215 (61.8) | 193 (59.8) | 0.591 |
| Taking medicines, No. (%) | 513 (73.0) | 263 (74.5) | 250 (71.4) | 0.359 |
| MOUD | 136 (19.3) | 64 (18.1) | 72 (20.6) | 0.413 |
| Psychotropic drugs | 473 (64.3) | 241 (68.3) | 232 (66.3) | 0.575 |
| Other treatments | 55 (7.8) | 38 (10.8) | 17 (4.9) | 0.004 |
| Mini International neuropsychiatric interview | ||||
| Substance Dependence, No. (%) | 322 (53.7) | 170 (48.5) | 152 (44.0) | 0.23 |
| Alcohol Dependence, No. (%) | 274 (39.3) | 152 (43.5) | 122 (35.1) | 0.02 |
HF Housing First, TAU Treatment-as-usual, SD standard deviation, IQR interquartile range, CGI Clinical Global Impression scale, MCAS Multnomah Community Ability Scale, SF-36 Medical Outcomes Study 36-iIem Short-Form Health Survey, PCS physical composite score, MCS mental composite score; MOUD Medications for Opioid Use Disorder, MINI Mini International neuropsychiatric interview