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. 2021 Jul 2;12:379. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02460-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Treatment of ESC-EVs inhibit renal fibrosis. a Schematic illustration for AKI and EV treatment. The left renal pedicle was clamped with noninvasive microvascular forceps for 40 min without any operation on the contralateral. After 5 min eperfusion, 100 μg EVs were injected into the upper and lower poles of the left renal cortex. The kidney tissues were collected on day 28 after the injury. b Representative images of Masson staining for renal tissues harvested on day 28 post AKI. Scale bar represents 100 μm. c Quantification of the area of Masson staining. Quantitative analysis of 5 random fields in tissue sections of 5 different mice. d Representative images of α-SMA immunofluorescence staining at day 28 after AKI. Scale bar represents 100 μm. e Quantification of the area of α-SMA staining. Quantitative analysis of 5 random fields in tissue sections of 5 different mice. f Morphology of the left and right kidneys of mice after 28 days of AKI. The kidney on the left is the right kidney of the mouse (control side), and the right is the left kidney of the mouse (ischemia-reperfusion side). The two kidneys in each photo were isolated from same mouse. g The percentage of the weight of the left kidney (ischemia-reperfusion side) versus the weight of the right kidney (control side) at day 28 after AKI. The data are presented as mean ± SEM. h Changes in body weight of mice (vs. 0 days after AKI) over time. The data are presented as mean ± SEM. (n = 5; ^#P < 0.05 versus Sham, ^##P < 0.01 versus Sham, ^*P < 0.05 versus PBS, ^**P < 0.01 versus PBS)