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. 2021 Jul 2;12:379. doi: 10.1186/s13287-021-02460-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — ESC-EV treatment enhances the physiological function of renal tubular epithelial cells. a Representative images show Ki-67 immunostaining (red) detected in renal tubular epithelial cells (LTL, green) at day 3 after AKI. Scale bar represents 100 μm. b Quantitative analysis of Ki-67 immunostaining at day 3 after AKI. Quantitative analysis of 5 random fields in tissue sections of 5 different mice. c Representative immunofluorescence images of γ-H2AX expression in HK-2 cells with and without H₂O₂ pretreatment. Scale bar represents 100 μm. d Quantification of the percentage of γ-H2AX-positive HK-2 cells. Quantitative analysis of 5 random fields in tissue sections of 5 different mice. e Scratch assay of HK-2 cells treated with EVs. Scale bar represents 100 μm. f Quantification of the migration ratio of HK-2 cells in each group. g Immunostaining analysis for Ki67 in HK-2 cells treated with EVs for 24 h. Scale bar represents 100 μm. The data are presented as mean ± SEM. (n = 5; ^*P < 0.05 versus PBS, ^**P < 0.01 versus PBS)