Table 1.

Completed and Ongoing Clinical Trials of Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Corticosteroids in Sepsis and Septic Shock (adult only >18 yrs)*

Trial name	Centers	Location	#of Subjects	Study design	Entry diagnosis	Primary outcome	Trial identifier
Ascorbic acid, Corticosteroids, and Thiamine in Sepsis (ACTS) Trial	Multicenter	US	200 (C)	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	Sepsis/septic shock	Change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at 72 hours	NCT03389555
Vitamin C, Thiamine and Steroids in Sepsis (VICTAS)	Multicenter	US	501 (C)	Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, adaptive trial	Sepsis with acute respiratory or cardiovascular organ dysfunction	Vasopressor and ventilator-free days at 30 days after randomization	NCT03509350
Metabolic Resuscitation Using Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Glucocorticoids in Sepsis (ORANGES)	Two centers	NJ, US	140 (C)	Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial	Sepsis/septic shock	Time to vasopressor independence (hours) through study completion; Change in SOFA score at 4 days post-randomization	NCT03422159
The Vitamin C, Hydrocortisone and Thiamine in Patients with Septic Shock Trial (VITAMINS)	Multicenter	Australia, New Zealand, Brazil	216 (C)	Randomized, placebo-controlled trial	Sepsis/septic shock	Time alive and free of vasopressors at day 7 (168 hours) after randomization.	NCT03333278
Thiamine, Vitamin C and Hydrocortisone in the Treatment of Septic Shock	Single center	Michigan, US	60 (T) (R)	Placebo-controlled trial	Septic shock	Mortality rate compared to Marik’s 2017 study5	NCT03540628
Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Sepsis and Septic Shock (HYVCTTSSS)	Single center	Guangdong, China	80 (C)	Randomized, placebo-controlled trial	Sepsis/septic shock	Hospital survival at 14 days	NCT03258684
Pilot Study on the Use of Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C and Thiamine in Patient with Sepsis and Septic Shock	Single center	Girona, Spain	40(T) (R)	Placebo-controlled trial	Septic shock and multiorgan failure	28-day mortality	NCT04111822
Outcomes of Septic Shock Patients Treated with a Metabolic Resuscitation Bundle Consisting of Intravenous Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine)	Single center	Wisconsin, US	80 (T) (NR)	Placebo-controlled trial	Sepsis/septic shock	Duration of vasopressors at study conclusion, up to 3 months	NCT03913468
Vitamin C, Thiamine and Hydrocortisone for the Treatment of Septic Shock	Single center	Yangzhou, China	406 (T) (R)	Placebo-controlled trial	Sepsis/septic shock	90-day mortality	NCT03872011
Effect of IV Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Steroids on Mortality of Septic Shock	Single center	NY, US	130(T) (R)	Placebo-controlled trial	Sepsis/septic shock	30-day mortality	NCT03828929
Evaluation of Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C and Thiamine for the Treatment of Septic Shock (HYVITS)	Single center	Doha, Qatar	216 (T) (R)	Prospective, randomized, two-arm parallel-group trial	Sepsis/septic shock	60-day mortality	NCT03380507
Vitamin C, Hydrocortisone and Thiamine for Septic Shock (CORVICTES)	Single center	Athens, Greece	400 (T) (R)	Placebo-controlled trial	Septic shock	Cerebral autoregulation 24–78 hours after randomization; Cerebral blood flow 24–78 hours after randomization	NCT03592693
Vitamin C, Steroids, and Thiamine, and Cerebral Autoregulation and Functional Outcome in Septic Shock (CORVICTES-ϒM)	Single center	Athens, Greece	100 (T) (R)	Placebo-controlled trial	Septic shock	Cerebral autoregulation 24–78 hours after randomization; Cerebral blood flow 24–78 hours after randomization	NCT03649633
Therapy With Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine in Patients With Sepsis	Single center	Tanta, Egypt	80 (T) (NR)	Placebo-controlled trial	Sepsis/septic shock	Change in SOFA score at 28 days and procalcitonin level	NCT04160676

C-Completed, T-Target, R-Recruiting, NR-Not Recruiting