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. 2021 Jul 3;21:327. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-02137-9

Table 2.

Complications and in-hospital outcomes of patients with COVID-19

Total
N = 1721
No CVD or CV risk factors
N = 484 (28.1%)
RF-CVD
N = 888 (51.6%)
CVD
N = 349 (20.3%)
p value
Complications
Cardiac
 Acute myocardial infarction 68 (4.0) 4 (0.8) 21 (2.4) 43 (12.3)  < 0.001
 Acute heart failure 151 (8.8) 12 (2.5) 43 (4.8) 96 (27.5)  < 0.001
 Myocarditis 12 (0.7) 0 9 (1.0) 3 (0.9) 0.090
 Pericarditis 2 (0.1) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.1) 0 0.688
 Arrhythmia* 314 (18.3) 40 (8.3) 99 (11.2) 175 (50.1)  < 0.001
  Atrial fibrillation 266 (15.5) 28 (5.8) 74 (8.3) 164 (47.0)  < 0.001
Number of cardiac complications**  < 0.001
 0 1,290 (75.0) 433 (89.5) 738 (83.1) 119 (34.1)
 1 325 (18.9) 45 (9.3) 129 (14.5) 151 (43.3)
 2+ 106 (6.2) 6 (1.2) 21 (2.4) 79 (22.6)
Venous thromboembolism
 Pulmonary embolism 151 (8.8) 41 (8.5) 66 (7.4) 44 (12.6) 0.015
 Deep vein thrombosis 98 (5.7) 21 (4.3) 43 (4.8) 34 (9.7) 0.001
Extra-cardiac

 Acute kidney injury***

 ARDS

 Mechanical ventilation

266 (15.5)

77 (4.5)

92 (34.9)

30 (6.2)

19 (3.9)

36 (43.9)

164 (18.5)

46 (5.2)

41 (27.2)

72 (20.6)

12 (3.4)

15 (48.4)

 < 0.001

0.324

0.009

Outcomes
Died in hospital 438 (25.5) 80 (16.5) 228 (25.7) 130 (37.3)  < 0.001
ICU admission 226 (13.1) 75 (15.3) 127 (14.3) 24 (6.9)  < 0.001
Death or ICU admission 587 (34.1) 133 (27.4) 311 (35.0) 145 (41.4)  < 0.001
Discharged from hospital alive 1,246 (72.4) 393 (81.2) 639 (72.0) 214 (61.3)  < 0.001
 Hospital length of stay$, days 9 (4–17) 7 (3–16) 8 (4–18) 11 (5–19)  < 0.001

Data presented as n (%) or median (IQR). Table includes all in-hospital diagnoses during the admission (including new and recurrent diagnoses)

*Any physician-identified cardiac arrhythmia

**Number of physician-diagnosed CV complications from the following: acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmia including AF, and endocarditis

***Acute kidney injury was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition[39]

$Among patients discharged[4043]